国家发改委关于国民经济和社会发展计划报告 中英双语

开放型经济继续发展。对外贸易较快增长。全年进出口总额25616亿美元，比上年增长17．8％。进出口商品结构继续改善，机电产品、高新技术产品出口分别增长17．3％和13．1％。服务贸易快速发展。利用外资质量和水平进一步提升。完善了外商投资、借用国外贷款管理。全年吸收外商直接投资（不含银行、证券、保险领域）924亿美元，比上年增长23．6％，其中，服务贸易领域实际使用外资增长24．2％，西部和中部地区实际使用外资分别增长79．8％和36．4％。安排借用国外贷款230亿美元，比上年增长5．4％。国家外汇储备达到1．95万亿美元。企业对外投资合作步伐加快，全年对外直接投资（非金融部分）406．5亿美元，比上年增长63．6％，对外工程承包和劳务合作保持较快发展。
The open economy continued to grow. Foreign trade grew rapidly. Total imports and exports for the year reached US$ 2.5616 trillion, up 17.8% over 2007. The trade mix was further improved as evidenced by 17.3% growth in the export of mechanical and electrical products and 13.1% growth for new- and high-tech products. Trade in services expanded rapidly. Foreign investment was used more effectively. Management of foreign investment and loans was improved. Foreign direct investment in 2008 (excluding that in the banking, securities and insurance sectors) amounted to$92.4 billion, 23.6% higher than the previous year. Of this total, paid-in investment in the trade in services grew by 24.2%, and paid-in investment in the western and central regions increased by79.8% and 36.4% respectively. A total of $23 billion of foreign loans were disbursed, a rise of 5.4% year on year. The state's foreign exchange reserves reached $1.95 trillion. Enterprises picked up the pace in making investment and undertaking cooperative projects overseas. Total overseas direct investment of Chinese enterprises (non-financial portion) for the year reached $40.65 billion, a rise of 63.6% over the previous year. Contracts for overseas projects and cooperation in the area of labor services maintained a rapid pace of development.

（六）民生工作和社会事业得到加强
6. Efforts were intensified to improve people's lives and strengthen social programs.

城乡居民收入继续增加、实惠增多。全年农村居民人均纯收入和城镇居民人均可支配收入分别达到4761元和15781元，实际增长8．0％和8．4％。促进就业、以创业带动就业的政策进一步完善，城镇新增就业1113万人，年末城镇登记失业率4．2％。社会保障覆盖面继续扩大，全国参加城镇基本养老、城镇基本医疗、失业、工伤、生育保险人数分别新增1753万、9387万、755万、1637万和1406万。企业退休人员基本养老金人均每月新增110元，城镇居民基本医疗保险试点城市新增229个，新型农村合作医疗制度实现全覆盖（以县为单位）。被征地农民社会保障制度建设取得新进展。新建城镇廉租住房63万套，通过实物配租和发放租赁补贴，又解决了190万户城市低收入家庭的住房困难。社区服务体系、儿童福利设施、流浪未成年人救助保护设施以及残疾人综合服务设施建设积极推进。扶贫开发力度加大、扶贫标准进一步提高，利用国家以工代赈资金建设了基本农田7．2万公顷，解决了贫困地区190万人、110万头牲畜饮水困难。安排西部地区易地扶贫搬迁人口32万人。
The incomes of urban and rural residents continued to rise and they enjoyed greater benefits. Rural per capita net income reached 4,761 yuan and urban per capita disposable income came to 15,781 yuan, rising by 8% and 8.4% in real terms respectively. Policies to promote employment and to stimulate job creation by encouraging entrepreneurship were improved; 11.13 million new jobs were created for urban residents, and the registered urban unemployment rate stood at 4.2% at the end of the year. The social safety net continued to expand. There were 17.53 million people newly covered by urban basic old-age insurance, 93.87 million by urban basic medical insurance, 7.55 million by unemployment insurance, 16.37 million by workers' compensation and 14.06 million by maternity insurance. The level of basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees was raised by 110 yuan per person per month. Trials of providing basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents were extended to 229 more cities. The new type of rural cooperative medical care system was set up in all targeted counties or county-level cities and districts. Further progress was made in developing the social security system for farmers whose land was expropriated. A total of 630,000 dwelling units of low-rent housing were built in urban areas, and the housing problem for a total of 1.9 million low-income urban families was resolved by providing them with low-income housing or granting them rent subsidies. Energetic progress was made in developing community-based services, children's welfare facilities, facilities for assisting and protecting homeless juveniles, and facilities providing comprehensive services for people with disabilities. Poverty alleviation through development was intensified, and the poverty line was raised again. Work-relief funds were used for developing 72,000 hectares of basic farmland. The potable-water problem was solved for 1.9 million people and 1.1 million heads of livestock in poverty-stricken areas. In the western region, 320,000 people were relocated from inhospitable places as a poverty relief effort.

各项社会事业建设得到加强。城乡免费义务教育全面实施，职业教育加快发展，家庭经济困难学生资助制度逐步完善。农村义务教育办学条件进一步改善，在3519所农村初中学校新建689万平方米学生生活设施，支持722所中等职业学校和县级职教中心加强基础能力建设；新建改扩建182所特殊教育学校。启动实施高等教育“211工程”三期建设。高中阶段教育毛入学率比上年提高8个百分点，普通高校招生数增加42万人，研究生增加2．7万人。基层医疗服务和计划生育设施建设加快，支持了2万余所乡镇卫生院、430个县医院、209个县中医院和369个县妇幼保健机构的建设；安排专门资金，支持159个地市级以上重点中医院、1231个县级和乡镇中心计划生育服务站建设，对重大传染病、地方病多发的边远地区8800多个村卫生室给予了支持。人口自然增长率5．08‰。广播电视村村通、乡镇综合文化站、文化和自然遗产地保护、旅游等方面的支持力度明显加大。新闻出版、文学艺术、哲学社会科学等事业繁荣发展。城乡公共体育设施建设得到加强。
Social programs were strengthened. Free compulsory education was made universal in all urban and rural areas of the country. Vocational education developed at a faster pace. The system of financial aid for students from poor families was gradually improved. Conditions were improved in rural primary and junior secondary schools. A total of 6.89 million square meters of living facilities were built for 3,519 rural junior secondary schools. Support was provided for strengthening the infrastructure of 722 secondary vocational schools and county-level vocational education centers. There were 182 special education schools newly built, renovated or expanded. The third phase of the 211 Higher Education Project was begun. The secondary gross enrollment ratio was eight percentage points higher than the previous year. Regular undergraduate enrollment increased by 420,000, and graduate enrollment by 27,000. Development of community-level medical care services and family planning facilities was accelerated. Support was provided for building more than 20,000 clinics in towns and townships, 430 county hospitals, 209 Chinese medicine hospitals, and 369 maternity and child health centers. Special funds were used for developing 159 key Chinese medicine hospitals at or above the prefecture level, 1,231 county-level family planning service facilities and central family planning service stations for towns and townships, and more than 8,800 village clinics in remote areas plagued by serious infectious or endemic diseases. The natural population growth rate stood at 5.08. Support was significantly strengthened for programs such as extending radio and TV coverage to all villages, building multipurpose cultural centers in towns and townships, protecting cultural and natural heritage sites, and developing tourism. The press and publishing, literature and art, philosophy and the social sciences all prospered. The development of urban and rural public sports facilities was intensified.

（七）资源节约型和环境友好型社会建设加快
7. Development of a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society was accelerated.

节能减排工作力度加大。全年累计安排423亿元中央财政资金，支持十大重点节能工程建设、循环经济发展、城镇污水垃圾处理设施及配套管网改造、重点流域水污染治理和节能环保能力建设等。推广节能灯6000多万支，限产限售限用塑料购物袋取得明显成效。发布了国家重点节能技术推广目录，建筑、交通运输、公共机构节能取得新进展。实施节能减排科技专项行动，攻克了一批重点行业的重大节能减排技术，在重点领域和行业进行了大规模示范和推广应用。第二批国家循环经济示范试点顺利实施，启动了14家汽车零部件再制造试点。经济政策的激励作用进一步强化，发布实施了节能节水环保设备所得税优惠政策，调整了不同排量乘用车的消费税税率，完善了资源综合利用税收优惠政策，出台了可再生能源电价补贴和配额交易方案。开展了省级政府2007年节能减排目标完成情况、节能减排措施落实情况的评价考核，公布了2007年度千家重点耗能企业节能目标责任评价考核结果，重点耗能企业能效水平对标活动进展顺利。组织开展了节能减排专项督察和环保专项执法行动。节能减排全民行动等宣传活动收到了良好社会效果。
Energy conservation and pollution reduction efforts were intensified. For the whole year, 42.3 billion yuan from the central treasury was spent to support construction on ten major energy conservation projects, development of the circular economy, upgrading of urban sewage and garbage treatment facilities and sewer lines, treatment of water pollution in key water basins, and strengthening of our energy conservation and environmental protection capacity. More than 60 million energy-efficient lights were distributed. The campaign to limit the production, sale and use of plastic bags achieved significant success. The national catalog of major energy-conserving technologies for extensive application was published. The construction and transportation sectors and public agencies made further progress in saving energy. We launched a science and technology initiative for energy conservation and emissions reduction, made breakthroughs in a number of major energy-conserving, pollution-reducing technologies in key industries, and widely demonstrated and applied these technologies in key areas and industries. The second round of demonstration trials for the circular economy was conducted smoothly, and trials for remanufacturing auto parts were begun in 14 auto enterprises. Economic policy played a bigger role in providing incentives. A preferential income tax policy for energy-and water-conserving and pollution-reducing equipment was promulgated. Excise tax rates for passenger vehicles of varied engine displacements were adjusted. The preferential tax policy concerning the comprehensive utilization of resources was improved. We developed a scheme for using surcharge and quotas to subsidize the price of electricity generated from renewable sources. Assessments were conducted on provincial governments' performance in meeting the targets and implementing the measures for energy conservation and pollution reduction in 2007. The results of evaluations of how well the 1,000 energy-intensive enterprises met energy conservation targets set for 2007 were made public. The campaign urging major energy-consuming enterprises to set, review and live up to the energy efficiency benchmarks progressed smoothly. A campaign was organized to supervise energy conservation and emissions reduction efforts and enforce environmental protection laws. Publicity activities to get the people to save energy and reduce pollution produced positive social effects.

生态环境保护取得新进展。塔里木河治理、黑河治理、首都水资源保护工程积极推进，石羊河流域重点治理工程全面启动；在继续推进天然林资源保护、防护林体系建设、京津风沙源治理等重点生态保护工程的同时，启动了岩溶地区石漠化综合治理。太湖水环境综合治理和松花江、淮河、辽河等重点流域水污染防治工作积极推进。三峡库区三期地质灾害防治工程顺利实施。农村环保全面启动。全国新增城市污水日处理能力1149万吨，城市污水处理率和城市生活垃圾无害化处理率分别达到65％和64％，均比上年提高2个百分点左右。燃煤电厂脱硫改造进一步推进，又有近1亿千瓦火电机组安装了脱硫设施，已占火电装机总量的60％左右。
Progress was made in ecological and environmental conservation. The projects to improve the ecosystems of the Tarim and Hei rivers and the Beijing water resources protection project were carried forward. The key project to restore the ecosystem of the Shiyang River was launched. While continuing to press ahead with major ecological projects, including virgin forest protection, development of shelterbelts and treatment of the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin, we launched a comprehensive project to prevent karst regions from turning into stony deserts. Work was energetically carried forward to improve the water environment of Taihu Lake and prevent and control water pollution in the Liao, Huai and Songhua rivers and other key water basins. The third phase of the project to prevent and control geological disasters in the Three Gorges Reservoir area was carried out smoothly. Environmental protection work was initiated on a broad scale in rural areas. Last year, the daily urban sewage treatment capacity was increased by 11.49 million tons, 65% of urban sewage was treated and 64% of urban household waste was safely handled, an increase of about two percentage points year on year in both cases. Further progress was made in the desulfurization of coal-fired power plants. Desulfurizing devices were installed in more thermal power plants with nearly 100 million kilowatt capacity, raising the percentage of the total capacity of the coal-fired plants equipped with such devices to around 60%.

应对气候变化国家方案得到较好落实。发布《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动》白皮书，推动通过《应对气候变化技术开发与转让北京宣言》，清洁发展机制项目合作积极开展。
China's National Climate Change Program was implemented well. The white paper China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change was published. The Beijing High-Level Statement on Technology Development and Technology Transfer for Climate Change was adopted. Cooperation on projects concerning clean development mechanisms was energetically carried out.

（八）抗击特大自然灾害取得重大胜利
8. Great success was achieved in fighting devastating natural disasters.

年初，为应对南方部分地区严重低温雨雪冰冻灾害，按照中央的统一部署，各地区各部门迅速启动应急机制，全力保交通、保供电、保民生，迅速恢复了工农业生产和因灾损毁的基础设施。“5