李克强总理在英国智库的演讲
China is a major responsible country. China stands for mutual respect, equality and peaceful coexistence among countries and acts in accordance with the UN Charter and the norms governing international relations. China calls for peaceful settlement of disputes and conflicts through diplomatic channels and opposes the use of force or interference in other countries’ internal affairs. China is steadfast in pursuing the path of peaceful development and follows a win-win strategy of opening-up. China is ready to work with other countries to foster an international environment of enduring peace.
长期以来，中国为维护亚洲地区和平稳定作出了重要贡献。正是由于中国与周边国家凝聚起合作共赢的共识，共同营造了通过协商谈判处理分歧的良好氛围，东亚地区才有了今天的繁荣发展。中国始终奉行“与邻为善，以邻为伴”的周边政策，愿与所有邻国和睦相处。但对于挑起事端、损害和平的行为，也必须采取有力措施予以制止，防止局势失控，促使事态回到对话谈判轨道上来。相信只要地区国家之间能够真诚对话、理性协商，就能继续保持和平安宁的环境。
China has over the years contributed significantly to peace and stability in Asia. Thanks to the common ground China reached with neighboring countries for cooperation and win-win progress, a sound atmosphere has been created for handling differences through negotiations and consultations, hence the prosperity and development of East Asia today. China follows a neighbourhood policy of building friendship and partnerships with surrounding countries and wants to live in peace with all its neighbors. But for those acts of provoking incidents and undermining peace, China will have to take resolute measures to stop them so as to prevent the situation from getting out of control and bring the situation back to the track of dialogue and negotiations. I believe as long as countries in the region could engage in dialogue and negotiations with sincerity and in good faith, the environment of peace and tranquility will be maintained.
历史昭示我们，战争是人类智慧的失败，和平是反思灾难痛苦的结晶。英国前首相丘吉尔曾说，“历史藏着一切智慧，不学习历史注定要重蹈覆辙”。我们应当汲取历史教训，正视历史，面向未来，推进国际和地区事务政治解决，共同应对传统和非传统安全挑战，协力促进世界繁荣与发展。
History tells us that war means the failure of human wisdom. Peace is the result of reflection on disasters and sufferings. As the former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said, “In history lies all the secrets of statecraft. Those that fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it.” We must learn lessons from the past, face history squarely and be forward-looking. We need to seek political settlement of international and regional issues, and work together to counter traditional and non-traditional security challenges and advance prosperity and development of the world.
第四，关于中国的改革开放。
Fourth, on China’s reform and opening-up.
中国的现代化不仅需要和平稳定的外部环境，还要靠改革开放提供强大动力。千千万万人有巨大的创造力，市场蕴藏着巨大的活力。上世纪70年代，我在安徽凤阳农村当大队支部书记，那时候实行计划经济，每天要安排村里几百个农民每天干什么，大家也起早贪黑干活，但一年到头还是吃不饱饭。后来推进农村改革，实行家庭联产承包责任制，种什么、怎么种，农民自己说了算，几年下来就解决了温饱问题。正是靠改革开放，亿万中国人民获得了更大自由发展空间，中国社会不断取得进步。对中国来说，过去快速发展靠改革，今天的增长动力靠改革，未来长远发展也要靠改革。
China’s modernization needs not only a peaceful and stable external environment, but also strong impetus from reform and opening-up. China’s big population means tremendous creativity and its market has huge vibrancy. I once worked as the Party secretary of a village production team in Fengyang county, Anhui province back in the 1970s, a time of the planned economy. I was responsible for assigning work to the hundreds of farmers in the village every day. The villagers worked hard in the field from dawn to dusk, but still they could make very little for a decent meal. Later, to enforce rural reform, the system of household contract responsibility was introduced, which gave villagers the right to decide what crops to grow and how to grow them. In just a few years, food was no longer a problem. It is reform and opening-up that has given hundreds of millions of Chinese vast space for pursuing their own development, and spurred steady social progress. Reform has led to fast development of China. It has provided a driving force for economic growth today and it will sustain China’s development in the years to come.
简政放权是改革的关键。要让市场发挥更大活力，让社会发挥更大创造力，首先是政府要进行自我革命，把政府不该管的权力放下去，把应该由市场决定的事情交出去。去年在经济面临困难的情况下，正是通过简政放权，激发了民间投资的潜力。今年3月实施工商登记制度改革后，各地新增企业登记数迅速增加，增加了40%以上，极大促进了创业就业。我们还要推进结构性改革，通过放宽准入限制，更多让民营资本发挥作用。说到底，改革就是要调动广大人民群众的积极性，为他们提供更多的创新创造平台，让每个人都有梦想成真的机会。当然，政府放权也不是什么都不管，我们实行放管结合，对那些假冒伪劣、侵犯知识产权、污染环境等行为，要进行严格监管和依法处置。
The key to reform is to streamline administration and delegate government power. To further energize the market and encourage greater creativity from the society, the government needs to, first and foremost, reform itself by delegating powers on matters outside their mandate and leaving to the market what should be decided by the market. Though the economy was operating under difficulties last year, we managed to unleash the potential of private investment through streamlining administration and delegating power. The reform of business registration system in March this year was followed by a surge of over 40% in the number of newly registered businesses, giving strong boost to new business start-ups and job creation. We will also advance structural reform and give more play to the role of private capital by easing market access. All in all, the purpose of reform is to inspire the enthusiasm of the Chinese people and provide more platforms for their innovation and creation so that there will be a chance for everyone’s dream to come true. Of course, to delegate power does not mean that the government will give free rein to everything. We will delegate power while enforcing government regulations with tighter oversight on and law-based handling of the production and selling of counterfeit and shoddy goods, IPR infringement and environmental pollution.
开放也是改革。我们将推进中国新一轮对外开放，放宽市场准入，让外资更多进入中国。扩大服务业开放和内陆沿边开放，以中国上海自由贸易试验区建设为龙头，探索准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理模式，为中外投资经营者提供公平竞争的营商环境。中国对外投资把英国作为优先方向之一，也欢迎英国企业把中国作为主要投资目的地。深化改革和对外开放必然使中国经济迸发出巨大活力，不仅为中国人民带来福祉，也必将为世界提供更多机遇，为世界包容发展作出重要贡献。
Opening-up is in itself a way of reform. We will implement a new round of opening-up, ease market access for foreign investment and open the services sector and hinterland and border areas wider to the outside. We will explore, through the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, a management model featuring pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list approach. Our purpose is to provide a level playing field for Chinese and foreign investors and businesses alike. China regards the UK as a choice of destination for outbound investment and hopes British companies will take China as their major investment destination. Deepening reform and opening-up is bound to unleash enormous vitality in the Chinese economy, benefiting the Chinese people, bringing more opportunities to the world and making important contribution to the inclusive development of the world.
当前，全球经济总体呈现复苏势头，但不确定、不稳定因素依然很多。目前，发达国家和发展中国家已经成为推动世界经济增长的双引擎。各国应继续发扬应对国际金融危机中形成的团结协作、同舟共济精神，大力实施改革创新，加强宏观政策协调，消除保护主义壁垒，推动建立公平竞争的市场秩序，不断扩大利益共同点，共享全球化发展成果。
The global economy is on the whole showing signs of recovery, but there are still many uncertainties and destabilizing factors. Developed and developing countries have become the twin engines of world economic growth. Countries need to continue to demonstrate the spirit of solidarity, coordination and cooperation shown in the course of coping with the international financial crisis, vigorously carry out reform and innovation, enhance coordination on macroeconomic policies, remove protectionist barriers and foster a level playing field to expand converging interests and share the fruits of globalization.
中英两国建立全面战略伙伴关系10年来，双方经贸、科技、人文等各领域合作成果丰硕。此次访英，我同贵国政府领导人进行了深入坦诚的会谈，两国发表了中英联合声明。我们都认为，中英要增强政治互信和战略合作，尊重彼此核心利益和重大关切，加强在联合国安理会以及二十国集团等多边机制中的沟通协调，共同维护世界多边贸易体制，推动中欧投资协定谈判和中欧自贸区可行性研究，在应对气候变化、反恐等领域加强对话。双方应发挥好两国总理年度会晤等系列机制的引领作用，让两国全方位合作顺畅高效进行。中英将共同努力，为促进中欧关系发展作出积极贡献。
The past ten years since establishment of the comprehensive strategic partnership between our two countries has witnessed fruitful results in bilateral cooperation in business, science and technology, people-to-people exchanges and other fields. During my visit, I had in-depth and candid talks with government leaders of the UK. The two countries issued a joint statement. The two sides shared the view that China and the UK need to strengthen political trust and strategic cooperation, respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, increase communication and coordination at the UN Security Council and in such multilateral mechanisms as the G20, work together to uphold the multilateral trading regime, promote negotiations on a China-EU investment treaty and feasibility studies on establishing a China-EU free trade area, and increase dialogue on climate change, counter-terrorism, etc. The two sides need to make full use of the guiding role of the annual meeting between the prime ministers of the two countries and other mechanisms to ensure that our cooperation operates smoothly and efficiently across the board. China and the UK may work together to contribute to the development of China-EU relations as a whole.
中英要做共同增长的合作伙伴，更要实现包容发展。两国合作不仅追求规模扩大，而且要使内涵不断丰富；不仅要做生意，还要提高科技含量。中国愿在基础设施、制造业、城镇化等领域，进一步加强与英方合作，不断扩大两国贸易和投资额。中英将推出人民币与英镑直接交易，中国将在伦敦设立人民币清算银行，提升双方金融合作水平。英国是全球创新发展的佼佼者，在高新技术、节能环保以及科学研究等领域居世界领先地位，中国正在实施创新驱动发展战略，两国科技与创新合作前景广阔。双方要发挥联合科学创新基金的作用，搞出一批高水准开发项目和科研成果，为两国发展提供有力支撑。
China and the UK need to work as partners for common growth and inclusive development. We need to not only expand but also enrich our cooperation. We need to not only do business with each other, but also conduct more high-tech cooperation. China will work more closely with the UK in infrastructure, manufacturing, urbanization and other areas to increase two-way trade and investment. China and the UK will launch direct trading between the RMB and sterling and China will open an RMB clearing bank in London, which will enhance our financial cooperation. The UK leads the world in innovative development, especially in new and high technologies, energy conservation, environmental protection and scientific research, and China is implementing a strategy of innovation-driven development. This represents broad prospects for our cooperation in science, technology and innovation. We shall make good use of the Research and Innovation Partnership Fund set up to facilitate high-standard development projects and research findings with a view to providing a strong support for the development of our two countries.
中英合作不限于经贸领域，还应不断密切人文交流。英国富有科学、理性、宽容的文化特质，中国有着开放包容、兼收并蓄的历史传统。中英虽然远隔万里，但可以说是“遥远的邻居”，彼此的科学技术、文学艺术、学术思想相互吸引、交相辉映。莎士比亚的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》在中国家喻户晓，汤显祖的《牡丹亭》也登上英国舞台。英语是英国人的母语，但今天中国有3亿人在学英语，是全球学习英语人数最多的国家之一；中国是茶的故乡，但英国是世界上人均喝茶最多的国家之一。目前，中国在英留学人员超过13万人，占中国到欧盟国家留学人员的一半。中英应进一步深化人文交流，推进教育、文化等领域合作。英国政府已表示将简化中国公民来英签证手续，这意味着将会有更多中国人有序地到英国来工作、旅行，为英国经济带来更多活力。
China-UK cooperation is not limited to the economic field; we also need to strengthen people-to-people exchanges. The British culture values scientific thinking, good reasoning and accommodation of others, while it is China’s tradition to emphasize openness, inclusiveness and mutual learning. China and the UK, though thousands of miles apart, are actually “distant neighbors”. Our respective science and technology, culture and arts as well as academic thinking, each having its own proud tradition, have been a source of mutual inspiration. Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is popular in China, while The Peony Pavilion composed by the Chinese writer Tang Xianzu of the Ming Dynasty has been put on stage here in the UK. The British use English as their mother tongue, while in China 300 million Chinese are learning English, more than most of the countries in the world. And though China was where tea was first discovered, the British drink more tea than most people in the world. Right now, over 130,000 Chinese students are studying in the UK, accounting for half of the number in all EU countries. China and the UK need to deepen our cultural and people-to-people exchanges and step up cooperation in education and culture. The UK government has agreed to simplify visa application for Chinese citizens. This means more Chinese people will be able to visit or come to work in the UK, injecting more vitality to the UK economy.
英国和中国都是伟大的国家，都拥有悠久的历史，创造过各自的辉煌，更有着顺应时代大潮求新求变的执着追求。英国诗人雪莱说：“人不能创造时势，但可以抓住那些已经出现的机遇。”中国文学家苏轼说：“来而不可失者时也，蹈而不可失者机也。”中国与英国，东方与西方，发展中国家与发达国家，应抓住机遇，共迎挑战，携手建设一个包容发展的美好世界！
Both the UK and China are great nations. We both have a time-honored history and each has created a splendid past. Now, both countries are determined to ride the tide of the times and seek new changes. As the English poet Percy Shelley wrote, “Man cannot make occasions, but he may seize those that offer.” Similarly, the famous Chinese writer Su Shi of the Song Dynasty remarked that “when your turn comes, seize it; and when opportunity knocks at the door, grab it, or it will slip away”. China and the UK, the East and the West, developing countries and developed ones alike, should seize opportunities, meet challenges together, and build a better world through inclusive development.
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