考研英语：外刊精读以及核心词汇解析翻译

Sneakers Have Always Been Political Shoes
运动鞋见证政治的变迁

原文：
1、But Nike’s all-white Air Force 1 sneaker, released in the same year as “My Adidas,” may have merited the name of “felon shoes.” Having enough money to step out in “fresh”—i.e., pristine and unscuffed —Air Force 1s became a point of pride among street drug dealers. “Like the complicated icon of the cowboy, the drug dealer was also a symbol of rugged individualism whose fashion was hypermasculine and easily marketed … in ways that capitalized on both its American-ness and its exoticism simultaneously,” Semmelhack writes in the exhibition catalogue. The AF1, far from a public-relations disaster, became an instant classic. The rise in sneakers’ price and social cachet led to a wave of sneaker theft; a frenzied media blamed Nike’s Spike Lee-directed Air Jordan ads for a string of “sneaker killings” in 1990. Bill Cosby—then a beloved and respected former TV dad—made an example of pricey sneakers in his 2004 “Pound Cake” speech to the NAACP, chastising African-American parents for wasting money on such frivolous purchases.

重点词汇：
felon 重罪犯
pristine 洁净的，纯洁的
unscuffed 未磨损的
icon 象征
drug dealer 毒品走私犯
rugged 崎岖的；坚固的
individualism 顽强的个人主义
hypermasculine hyper-超级的
capitalized on capitalize on v. 利用
exoticism 异域性
far from 远不是
cachet 声望 威望
frivolous 轻率的，无用的

原文翻译：
1、大量的资金投入让它能够一直保持“洁白”--干净和不磨损的，Air Force 1运动鞋成为了街头毒品走私引以为豪的一点。
铅笔，分割线
原文：
But mounting customization and collectability (driven by eBay) only increased the cost of sneakers; artists and elite fashion designers like Prada and Gucci began releasing their own designs or limited-edition collaborations with athletic brands. 1、In this rarefied market, sneakers evolved from symbolic consumer objects into small-batch vehicles for unambiguous social commentary. In one notable example, the artist Judi Werthein designed the 2005 Brinco cross-trainer to assist with illegal border crossings from Mexico. Werthein distributed Brincos to migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border for free, while also selling them to sneakerheads for $215 per pair at a San Diego boutique. A few years later, “Obama Force One,” the custom AF1 designed by the artist Jimm Lasser in 2008, had profile portraits of President Obama etched on each sole. And, long before the Colin Kaepernick debate, the NBA star Dwayne Wade released a pair of Black Lives Matter sneakers.

重点词汇：
mounting adj. 逐渐增加的
customization n. 定制
collectability 可收藏性
rarefied 小圈子的
vehicles 传播媒介；媒介物
notable adj.显著的；著名的
profile portraits 侧面肖像画/Profile n. 文件；简介/keep a high/low profile 高调、低调
etched on Etch v. 凿刻；be etched on/in your memory/mind 铭刻在记忆中/脑海里

原文翻译：
1、在这个小市场中，运动鞋从消费品演变成一种明确的社会评论的载体。