考研英语写作议论文经典句型和常用词归纳

　　二、写作常用词分类总结

　　1.国民经济、对外经济贸易常用词汇(略)

　　2.“神舟五号”载人飞船相关词汇(略)

　　3.科普方面的词汇(略)

　　4.社会、文化与教育等方面的词汇

　　社会／文化／历史背景background

　　在一定的历史条件下in a given historical context

　　在这种特定条件下under such circumstances

　　价值观values

　　根深蒂固的观念deep-rooted notion

　　生活节奏pace of life

　　个人成就personal fulfillment

　　爱国主义patriotism

　　责任感sense of responsibility

　　竞争意识sense of competition

　　自然灾害natural disaster

　　职业教育vocational education

　　继续教育further education

　　学前教育pre-school education

　　高等教育education of higher learning／higher education

　　人口众多large in population

　　人口密度population density

　　教育投入input in education

　　岗位培训undergo job-specific training

　　普及教育universal education

　　义务教育compulsory education/free education

　　初等教育elementary education

　　职业道德professional ethics

　　高等学校institution of higher education

　　综合性大学comprehensive university

　　文科大学university of liberal arts

　　理工科大学college／university of science and engineering

　　师范大学normal university

　　工业大学polytechnic university

　　农业大学agricultural university

　　医科大学medical university

　　重点学校key school

　　业余学校spare-time school

　　职业学校vocational school

　　重点学科key disciplinary areas; priority fields of study

　　希望工程Project Hope

　　学龄儿童school-age

　　人才枯竭exhaustion of human resources

　　辍/失学青少年school dropout/leaver

　　服务性行业service trade

　　在职培训on-the-job／in-service training

　　学分制the credit system

　　包分配guarantee job assignments

　　学术报告会，专题讨论会symposium

　　记者招待会press conference

　　国家教育经费national expenditure education

　　财政拨款financial allocation

　　专任教师full-time teacher

　　教育方针guideline(s)／guiding principle(s)for education

　　德才兼备to combine ability with character

　　自学成才to become educated through independent study

　　启发式elicitation method(of teaching)

　　填鸭式教学法cramming method of teaching

　　附中attached middle school

　　进修班class for advanced studies

　　专修科special(training)course

　　自学考试selftaught examination

　　教职员teaching and administrative staff

　　教学人员the faculty; teaching staff

　　中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal

　　大专院校校长president; chancellor

　　副主任vicechairman

　　教授professor

　　副教授associate professor

　　专职教师fulltime teacher

　　兼职教师parttime teacher

　　辅导员assistant for political and ideological work

　　校友alumnus; alumna

　　学生会students’ union／association

　　高年级学生pupil/student in senior grades

　　低年级学生lower grade pupil/student；pupil/student in junior grades

　　走读生day student；nonresident student

　　住宿生boarder

　　旁听生auditor; guest student

　　研究生graduate student；post-graduate(student)

　　应届毕业生graduating student／pupil; this year’s graduates

　　课程course; curriculum

　　必修课required／compulsory course

　　选修课elective／optional course

　　基础课basic course

　　专业课 specialized course

　　课程表 school timetable

　　教学大纲teaching program；syllabus

　　教学内容content of courses

　　学习年限period of schooling

　　学历record of formal schooling

　　学年school／academic year

　　学期(school)term; semester

　　学分credit

　　分数mark; grade

　　五分制the 5-grade marking system

　　百分制100-mark system

　　学习成绩academic record; school record

　　成绩单school report; report card；transcript

　　毕业论文thesis; dissertation

　　毕业实习graduation field work

　　毕业设计graduation project

　　毕业典礼graduation ceremony; commencement

　　毕业证书diploma; graduation certificate

　　毕业鉴定graduation appraisal

　　授予某人学位to confer a degree on somebody

　　升级to be promoted to a higher grade

　　留级to repeat the year’s work; to stay down

　　补考make-up examination

　　升学to go to a school of a higher grade；to enter a higher school

　　升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade

　　奖学金scholarship

　　(国家)助学金(state)stipend／subsidy

　　领取助学金的学生a grant-aided student

　　伙食费board expenses

　　伙食补助food allowance

　　爱国主义教育education in patriotism

　　国际主义教育education in internationalism

　　集体主义教育education in collectivism

　　共产主义教育education in communism

　　共产主义道德品质communist ethics