拍卖的几种形式

Sealed first-price auction, also known as a first-price sealed-bid auction (FPSB). In this type of auction all bidders simultaneously submit sealed bids so that no bidder knows the bid of any other participant. The highest bidder pays the price they submitted.

首价密封拍卖也叫首价密封投标拍卖。根据这种拍卖方式的要求，所有买家须同时提交密封好的报价，因而没有人知道其他竞买者的报价。出价最高者支付其报出的价格。

This type of auction is distinct from the English auction, in that bidders can only submit one bid each. Furthermore, as bidders cannot see the bids of other participants they cannot adjust their own bids accordingly. Sealed first-price auctions are commonly used in tendering, particularly for government contracts and auctions for mining leases.

这种拍卖方式与英式拍卖的不同在于，每个买家只能出一次价。不仅如此，由于买家无法得知其他竞买人的报价，他们也无法相应地调整自己的报价。首价密封方式常用于投标，尤其是在政府项目和矿产租赁权拍卖中。

Vickrey auction 维克瑞拍卖

Vickrey auction, also known as a sealed-bid second-price auction. This is identical to the sealed first-price auction except that the winning bidder pays the second highest bid rather than their own. This is very similar to the proxy bidding system used by eBay, where the winner pays the second highest bid plus a bidding increment (e.g., 10%).

维克瑞拍卖，也称为第二价格密封拍卖。这种拍卖方式与首价密封拍卖基本相同，区别仅在于胜出者需要支付的价格是第二高的报价，而不是他自己的报价。这与易趣网所使用的代理人竞价系统相似，在这个系统中，胜出者需要支付第二高的报价，再加上一个报价的增额（如10%）。

Although extremely important in auction theory, in practice Vickrey auctions are rarely used.

尽管这种方式在拍卖理论中占据重要地位，但在实际中，维克瑞拍卖方式却很少被使用。