1993年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案

1. The board deemed it urgent that these files ____ right away.
A. had to be printed B. should have been printed
C. must be printed D. should be printed
2. The local health organization is reported ____ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president.
A. to be set up B. being set up
C. to have been set up D. having been set up
3. The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers _____ for.
A. be demonstrating B. demonstrate
C. had been demonstrating D. have demonstrated
4. Ted had told me that he always escapes ____ as he has got a very fast sport car.
A. to fine B. to be fined
C. being fined D. having been fined
5. More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _____ in San Francisco.
A. previously B. predominantly
C. practically D. permanently
6. Prof. Lee's book will show you ___ can be used in other contexts.
A. that you have observed B. that how you have observed
C. how that you have observed D. how what you have obs4erved
7. All fights ______ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.
A. were canceled B. had been canceled
C. having canceled D. having been canceled
8. The new secretary has written a remarkably ____ report only in a few pages but with all the details.
A. concise B. clear C. precise D. elaborate
9. With prices ___ so much, it's hard for the company to plan a budget.
A. fluctuating B. waving C. swinging D. vibrating
10. Expert say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ___ healthy.
A. preserve B. stay C. maintain D. reserve
11. Expected noises are usually more ___ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.
A. manageable B. controllable C. tolerable D. perceivable
12. It isn't so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works ___.
A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all
13. There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees ___ what constitutes a benefit to an individual.
A. on B. with C. to D. in
14. All the information we have collected in relation to that case ______ very little.
A. makes up for B. adds up to C. comes up with D. puts up with
15. A really powerful speaker can ____ the feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement.
A. work out B. work over C. work at D. work up
16. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ the expenses of the trip.
A. to B. about C. in D. for
17. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes form the ______ of maturity.
A. fulfillment B. achievement C. establishment D. accomplishment
18. From the tears in Nedra's eyes we can deduce that something sad ____.
A. must have occurred B. would have occurred
C. might be occurring D. should occur
19. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ____ you don't mind taking the night train.
A. provided B. unless C. though D. until
20. Hardly a month goes by without ___ of another survey revealing new depths of scientific among U.S. citizens.
A. words B. a word C. the word D. word
21. If you ____ Jerry Brown until recently, you'd think the photograph on the right was strange.
A. shouldn't contact B. didn't contact
C. weren't to contact D. hadn't contacted
22. Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ____ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.
A. deprives B. restricts C. rejects D. denies
23. I must go now. ___ , if you want that book I'll bring it next time.
A. Incidentally B. Accidentally C. Occasionally D. Subsequently
24. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, _____ they can limit how much water you drink.
A. much more than B. no more than C. no less than D. any more than
25. Though ___ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record , the plain facts of small-town life.
A. raised B. grown C. developed D. cultivated
26. Most electronic devices of this kind, ____ manufactured for such purposes , are tightly packed.
A. that are B. as are C. which is D. it is
27. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of ___ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn.
A. what B. that C. which D. such
28. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious ____ without scientific basic.
A. process B. practice C. procedure D. program
29. We cannot always ____ the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water.
A. hang on B. count on C, hold on D. come on
30. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ____ of vegetables in the coming days.
A. rarity B. scarcity C. invalidity D. variety

Ⅱ. Each of the passages below is followed by some quetions. For each question there are four
answers marked A,B,C, and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the answer to each of
the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding
letter in the brackets. (30 points)
1
Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life
can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thir-
teenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no
mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language
here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life
especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children
are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to
the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive
periods are neglected , the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so
easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and
hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but
there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventuaLly turns out to be of high IQ.
At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak sim-
ple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to
fifty words. At three he knows about l ,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four
his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special
about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, if the complex system which enables a
child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattem "toy-bear" . And
even more incredible is the young brain' s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture
of sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the
child , where the mother recognizes the signals in the child' s babbling ( 咿呀学语) , grasping and
smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction
because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the
child ' s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
31 . The purpose of Frederick II's experiment was__
A. to prove that children are born with the ability to speak
B. to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
C. to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
D. to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
32. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that__
A. they are incapable of learning language rapidly
B. they are exposed to too much language at once
C. their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak
D. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
33 . What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that
A. he is born with the capacity to speak
B. he has a brain more complex than an animal's
C. he can produce his own sentences
D. he owes his speech ability to good nursing
34. Which of the fonowing can NOT be inferred from the passage?
A. The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
B. Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.
C. The child' s brain is highly selective.
D. Most children learn their language in definite stages.
35. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will
A. have a high IQ
B. be less intelligent
C. be insensitive to verbal signals
D. not necessarily be backward
2
In general , our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic ( 官僚主义的)management in which man becomes a small , well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling
is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and
"human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become power-
less, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact ,
the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of au-
tomated machines and bureaucratic management .
The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a
job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in
life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human exis-
tence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than
those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly
competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter
of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for
the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested a-
gain and again-by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors,
who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along , etc. This constant need to prove that
one is as good as or better than one' s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the
very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production'or to nine-
teenth-century "free enterprise" capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning
to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bu-
reaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in
themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-
those of love and of reason-are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption
should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.
36. By "a well-oiled cog in the machinery" the author intends to render the idea that man is
A. a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible
B. working in complete harmony with the rest of the society
C. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning
smoothly
D. a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly
37 . The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that
A. they are likely to lose their jobs
B. they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
C. they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
D. they are deprtved of their individuality and independence
38. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those
A. who are at the bottom of the society
B. who are higher up in their social status
C. who prove better than their fellow-competitors
D. who could keep far away from this competitive world
39. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should
A. resort to the production mode of our ancestors
B. offer higher wages to the workers and employees
C. enable man to fully develop his potentialities
D. take the fundamental realities for granted
40 . The author's attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of __
A. approval B. dissatisfaction
C. suspicion D. tolerance
3
When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he
can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it.
A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by
which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断) and publishes full details of his in-
vention to the public after that period terminates.
Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this
normal process of events.
The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV re-
ceiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent' s normal life there was no
colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.
Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the li-
brary attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for any-
one to use and , if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts of-
ten advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that
the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor' s right is to plagiarize a dead patent.
Likewise , because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents
on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern techno-
logical advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.
Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in
fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or
dedication , or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic
patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind
television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine
car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.
4t . The passage is mainly about
A. an approach to patents B. the application for patents
C. the use of patents D. the access to patents
42. Which of the following is TRUE acoording to the passage?
A. When a patent becomes out of effect, it can be re-patented or extended if necessary.
B. It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention public.
C. A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legaL period is over.
D. One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patent of-
fice .
43 . George Valensi's patent lasted until 1971 because
A. nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time
B. his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time
C. there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmes
D. the colour TV receiver was not available until that time
44. The word "plagiarize" (line 8 , Para. 5) most probably means "_"
A. steal and use B. give reward to
C. make public D. take and change
45. From the passage we learn that
A. an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice
B. products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago
C. it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one
D. patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through dead
patents

Ⅲ. For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C,
and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening
the corresponding letter in the brackets. ( 15 points)

Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture , its development into
a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of
the many functions that might be (46) in a single large building.
The importance of interior design becomes (47) when we realize how much time we (48)
surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to
be ( 49) attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect (50 ) place to be appropri-
ate to its use. You would be (51 ) if the inside of your bedroom were suddenLy changed to
look (52) the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn' t feel (53 ) in a business office
that has the appearance of a school.
It soon becomes clear that the interior designer' s most important basic (54) . is the func-
tion of the particular (55 ) . For example , a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping
aualitles , and (56) few entries and exits will not work for ( 57) purpose , no matter how
beautifully it might be ( 58) . Nevertheless, (59) for any kind of space, lighting and decoration of
everything from ceiling to floor. (60) addition, the designer must usually select furniture or
design built-in furniture , according to the functions that need to be served.
46. A. consisted B. contained C. composed D. comprised
47. A. obscure B. attractive C. appropriate D. evident
48. A. spend B. require C. settle D. retain
49. A. so B. as C. thus D. such
50. A. some B. any C. this D. each
51 . A. amused B. interested C. shocked D. frightened
52. A. like B. for C. at D. into
53. A. correct B. proper C. right D. suitable
54. A. care B. concern C. attention D. intention
55. A. circumstance B. environment C. surroundings D. space
56. A. too B. quite C. a D. far
57. A. their B. its C. those D. that
58. A. painted B. covered C. ornamented D. decorated
59 . A. solutions B. conclusions C. decisions D. determinations
60. A. For B. In C. As D. With

Ⅳ . Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C, and D. Identify
the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by
blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets .Then ,without altering the meaning of
the sentence, write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET. ( IO pnint. )
EXAMPLE :
A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition which they saw many
A B C U
new products .
Answer C is wrong because the sentence should read , "A number of foreign visitors were taken to
the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products. " So you should choose C and write
the correction "where" on the line.
Sample Answer
[A][B][_C_][D] where

61 . He cannot tell the difference between true praise and flattering statements making only to
A B C
gain his favor.
D
62 . They want to expose those educational disadvantaged students to creative, enriching educa-
A B
tional experiences for a five-year period.
C D
63. The changes that took place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed com-
A B C
pletely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.
D

64. I don' t think it advisable that he will be assigned to the job since he has no experience
A B C
whatsoever .
D
65. Beethoven, the great musician, wrote nine symphonies in his life, most of them were written
A B
after he had lost his hearing.
C D
66. Mr. Jankin regretted to blame his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was his
A B C D
own fault.
67. As for the influence of computerization, nowhere we have seen the results more clearly than
A B
in the U.S. , which really have surprised us all.
C D
68. At times , more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advenisements
A B
than the writing of features and editorials.
C D
69. It is required by law that a husband have to pay the debts of his wife until formal notice is
A B
given that he no longer has to pay her.
C D
70. Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at that university
A B
in the result that it has acquired substantial experience in dealing with them.
C D
Ⅴ. Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chi-
nese. (15 points)
(71 ) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary
mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned
about and given precise and exact expianation. There is no more difference, but there is just the
same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordi-
nary person , as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing
out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and com-
plex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (72) It is not that the scales in
the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner
of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its
measurement than the former.
You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. (73) You
have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法) and deduc-
tion, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature
certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they buiLd up their
theories. (74) And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no
means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special train-
ing. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be
constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms,
you will discover that you are quite wrong , and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by
yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.
There is a well-known incident in one of Motiere's plays, where the author makes the hero
express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole
of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves,
on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy
during the same period. (75)Plobably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had
occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree,as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.
Ⅵ .Writing ( 15 pnints)
DIRECfIONS :
A. TitLe: ADVERTISEMENT ON TV
B. Time limit:40 minutes
C. Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
D. Your composition should be based at the OUTLINE below and should start with the given
opening sentence: "Today more and more advertisement are seen on the TV screen. "
E. Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.
OUTLINE :
l. Present state
2. Reasons
3 . My comments