英语专业四级模拟试题附参考答案 第11套

B
 
Studies of children’s acquisition of language suggest that the faculty of language includes an inborn knowledge of the formal principles of language structure， a knowledge that depends on generically determined portions of (usually) that left cerebral (大脑的) hemisphere.Although it is well established that the left hemisphere is specialized for language， one cannot say that language is “located” in this or that part of the hemisphere. What is known is that language discorders are the results of lesions (损伤) in the left hemisphere. Disorders of language resulting from damage to the brain are called aphasias (失语症).
 
The anterior(前面的)portion of the “language area” is termed Broca’s area. Lesions in this area interfere with the motor(运动原)and articulatory aspects of language.Speech is slow，labored，grammatically incorrect，and telegraphic；in extreme cases，it may be impossible to carry out.Writing is likewise severely impaired.Comprehension of the spoken or written word，however，may be unimpaired or nearly so.(It is interesting to note that under emotional stress，a patient with Broca’s aphasia may be temporarily fluent.)Because Broca’s area is close to the motor cortex(脑皮层)，if the former is damaged，the latter is often damaged simultaneously.Hence，such patients often suffer form weakness or paralysis of the right side of the body.Similar lesions in the right hemisphere will cause a left－sided weakness of paralysis but will have no effect on language.

 Damage to the posterior (后面的) portion of the “language area， ” especially to Wernick’s area， results in a loss of comprehension of the spoken word and often of the written word. The patient’s native language is now like a foreign language. In addition， the patient’s speech is rapid and well－articulated， but without meaning. Writing is defective， and words that are heard cannot be repeated， although hearing itself is completely normal. Similar lesions in the right hemisphere usually have no effect on language.

 Injuries to the “language area” in children result in severe aphasias， but the development of language mechanism in the right hemisphere can often compensate for them to an extraordinary degree. This potential function of the right hemisphere is probably normally suppressed by the left hemisphere. In adults， aphasias from similar lesions are often permanent.

 85.The author is primarily concerned with 　　　　.
 A. describing the process of language acquisition
 B. explaining potential treatment of language defects
 C. showing the importance of the left hemisphere of the brain to language mechanisms
 D. depicting various means of diagnosing language defects

 86.Unlike a patient with Wernicke’s aphasia， a patient with Broca’s aphasia can 　　　　.
 A. comprehend written but not spoken language
 B. hear and read with comprehension
 C. speak articulately and also comprehend spoken language
 D. write and speak readily and coherently

 87.According to the passage，which of the following statements about the right hemisphere of the brain is accurate？
 A. It has the potential to serve as a “language area”.
 B. It controls the ability to comprehend but not the ability to speak a language
 C. If it is damaged， gross motor control of the right side of the body may be affected.
 D. It is the right where Wernick’s area is located.

 88.It can be inferred that aphasias in adults often result in permanent damage because 　　　　.
 A. much memory is lost
 B. adults have more trouble learning a foreign language
 C. the right hemisphere is no longer as adaptable as it once was.
 D. brain cells in adults are especially vulnerable to infection

 89.It can be inferred that the author bases his description on 　　　　.
 A. clinical studies of instances of damage to the brain
 B. studies of language development in children without brain damage
 C. microscopic examination of the brain structure
 D. examples of the integration of the left and right hemispheres