英语专四语法总结—虚拟语气

含蓄虚拟语气是指假设条件不通过if从句表达，而是暗含在其他结构中。考生应熟悉：

(1)连词but, but that, or, or else；副词otherwise, unfortunately等表示转折假设。如：

A safety analysis would have identified the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.

Victor obviously doesn’t know what’s happened; otherwise he wouldn’t have made such a stupid remark.

 (2)介词短语暗含假设条件，常用的有：without, but for, under more favorable conditions等。如：

But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.

 (3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/plann或was/were +不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished +不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。如：I intended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time.

 (4)情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气。如：I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.

4.常用虚拟形式的句型

(1)从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式表示虚拟的句型：

would rather would as soon as though suppose…

had rather would sooner as if supposing…

If only…It is (high) time that…(从句中动词只用过去式)

如：His wife would rather they didn’t talk about the matter any more.

I’d rather you went by train, because I can’t bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.

If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.

My father always talks as though he were addressing a public meeting.

(2)If it were not for…(与现在事实相反) If it had not been for…(与过去事实相反) 相当于but for。如：

If it had not been for his help (= but for his help), we would not have succeeded.

(3)If only…谓语动词视情况选用适当的形式。如：

If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

(4)lest/for fear that/in case 从句谓语用(should+)动词原形。如：

The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.

(5)whether…or…有时谓语用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法经常采用倒装结构。如：

Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.

The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.