2002年英语专业四级真题试卷及其参考答案

Part ⅣCloze [15 min]

Decide which of the choice given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.

People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and ____26 a very simple affair in the beginning. ______27 when we observe the language behavior of ____28 we regard as primitive cultures, we find it _____29 complicates. It was believes that an Eskimo must have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words ___30 to get along reasonably well, much larger than the active vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English. ______31, These Eskimo words are far more highly inflected （词尾变化的）than _____32 of any

Of the well-known European languages, for a ___33 noun can be spoken or written in ______34 hundred different forms, each ___35 a precise meaning different from that of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more _____36. The Eskimo language is, therefore, one of the most difficult in the world to learn, ______37 the result that almost no traders or explorers have ___38 tried to learn it. Consequently, there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon ___39 to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually _____by travelers as the Eskimo language.

26. A. must be B. must have been C. ought to be D. should be

27. A. However B. Therefore C. probably D. undoubtedly

28. A. whose B. that C. which D. what

29. A. conspicuously B. usually C. surprisingly D. sufficiently

30. A. so as B. so that C. as such D. as well as

31. A. However B. Moreover C. Though D. Therefore

32. A. the others B. all others C. these D. those

33. A. single B. singular C. plural D. compound

34. A. some B. several C. various D. varied

35. A. getting B. causing C. having D. owning

36. A endless B. multiple C. uncountable D. numerous

37. A. with B. for C. owing to D. as

38. A still B. indeed C. just D. even

39. A. alike B. similar C. related D. relevant

40. A. referred to B. talked about C. spoken D. told

Part ⅤGRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 min]

There are twenty-five sentences in this Section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or expressions marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Mark your answers on your answer sheet.

41. She did her work _________her manager had instructed.

A. as B. until C. when D. though

42. _______ of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.

A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All

43. For some time now, world leaders _______ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.

A. had been pointing B. have been pointing

C. were pointing D. pointed

44. Have you ever been in a situation ______ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?

A. by which B. that C. in where D. where

45. We’ve just installed two air-conditions in out apartment, _______should make great differences in our life next summer.

A. which B. what C. that D. they

46. AID is said _________ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.

A. being b. to be C. to have been D. having been

47. She managed to save ______ she could out of her wages to help her brother.

A. how little money B. so little money

C. such little money D. what little money

48. Fool ____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.

A. who B. as C. that D. like

49. The experiment requires more money than _____.

A. have been put in B. being put in

C. has been put in D. to be put in

50. _______ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.

A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been

C. Was it not D. Were it not

51. “ What courses are you going to do next semester?”

“I don’t know. But its about time _______ on something.”

A. I’d decide B. I decided

C. I decide D. I’m deciding

52. The police have offered a large ________for information leading to the robbers arrest.

A. award B. compensation C. prize D. reward

53. I arrives at the airport so late that I ______ missed the plane.

A. only B. quite C. narrowly D. seldom

54. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers’ fears were completely ______

A. unjustified B. unjust C. misguided D. unaccepted

55. The head of the Museum was ____ and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.

A. promising B. agreeing C. pleasing D. obliging

56. The multinational corporation was making a take-over _____ for a property company.

A. application B. bid C. proposal D. suggestion

57. The party’s reduced vote was ______ of lack of support for its policies.

A. indicative B. positive C. revealing D. evident

58. There has been a ______ lack of communication between the union and the management.

A. regretful B. regrettable C. regretting D. regretted

59. The teacher ________ expects his students to pass the university entrance examination.

A. confidently B. proudly C. assuredly D. confidently

60. The ______ family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than before.

A. normal B. average C. usual D. general

61. The new colleague ____ to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.

A. confess B. declares C. claims D. confirms

62. During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few ______ from the novel.

A. pieces B. essays C. fragments D. extracts

63. During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n) _____ room in the hotels here.

A. empty B. vacant C. free D. deserted

64. The old couple will never ______ the loss of their son.

A. get over B. get away C. get off D. get across

65. Scientific research results can now be quickly ________ to factory production.

A. used B. applied C. tried D. practiced

READING

TEXT A

Many of the home electric goods which are advertised as liberating the modern woman tend to have the opposite effect, because they simple change the nature of work instead of eliminating it. Machines have a certain novelty value, like toys for adults. It is certainly less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time saved does not really amount to much: the machine has to be watched, the clothes have to be carefully sorted out first, stains removed by hand, buttons pushed and water changed, clothes taken out, aired and ironed. It would be more liberating to pack it all off to a laundry and not necessarily more expensive, since no capital investment is required. Similarly, if you really want to save time you do not make cakes with an electric mixer, you buy one in a shop. Ifone compares the image of the woman in the women's magazine with the goods advertised by those periodicals; one realizes how useful a projected image can be commercially. A careful balance has to be struck: if you show a labour-saving device, follow it up with a complicated' recipe on the next page; on no account hint at the notion that a woman could get herself a job, but instead foster her sense of her own usefulness, emphasizing the creative aspect of her function as a housewife. So we get cake mixes where the cook simply adds an egg herself, to produce "that lovely homo-baked flavour the family love", and knitting patterns that can be made by hand, or worse still, on knitting machines, which became tremendously fashionable when they were first introduced. Automatic cookers are advertised by pictures of pretty young mothers taking their children to the park, not by professional women presetting the dinner before leaving home for work.

66.  According to the passage, many of the home electric goods which are supposed to liberate woman ________.

A. remove unpleasant aspects of housework
B. save the housewife very little time
C. save the housewife's time but not her money
D. have absolutely no value for the housewife

67.  According to the context, "capital investment" refers to money ________.

A. spent on a washing machine
B. borrowed from the bank
C. saved in the bank
D. lent to other people

68.  The goods advertised in women's magazines are really meant to ________.

A. free housewives from housework
B. encourage housewives to go out to work
C. make housewives into excellent cooks
D. give them a false sense of fulfillment

TEXT B

The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country's standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and entertainment.

A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most ofwhich have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country's natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favourable climate; other regions possess none of them.

Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. Some countries are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country's people. Industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled.

A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. For example, Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

69.  The standard of living in a country is determined by ________.

A. its goods and services
B. the type of wealth produced
C. how well it can create wealth
D. what an ordinary person can share

70.  A country's capacity to produce wealth depends on all the factors EXCEPT ________.

A. people's share of its goods
B. political and social stability
C. qualities of its workers
D. use of natural resources

71.  According to the passage, ________ play an equally important rule in determining a country's standard of living.

A. farm products
B. industrial. goods
C. foodstuffs
D. export and import

TEXT C

How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.

Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.

What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.

There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.

Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the "untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.

At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you'll see that no one else does either!

72.  The author thinks that people are ________.

A. satisfied with their appearance
B. concerned about appearance in old age
C. far from neglecting what is in fashion
D. reluctant to follow the trends in fashion

73.  Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to ________.

A. confidence in life
B. personal dress
C. individual hair style
D. personal future

74. Causes of fashions are ________.

A. uniform
B. varied
C. unknown
D. inexplicable

75.  Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes ________.

A. uniformity
B. formality
C. informality
D. individuality

76.  Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. Care about appearance in formal situations.
B. Fashion in formal and informal situations.
C. Ignoring appearance in informal situations.
D. Ignoring appearance in all situations.