2003年英语专业四级真题试卷及其参考答案

51. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ____ is something we had not expected. 

A.which   

B.it   

C.that   

D.what   

52. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty years ago. 

A.which   

B.that   

C.who   

D.whom   

53. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ____? 

A.hadn’t she    

B.hasn’t she   

C.wouldn’t she   

D.didn’t she   

54. At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not ____. 

A.on view   

B.at a glance   

C.on the scene   

D.in sight   

55. The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the ____. 

A.latter   

B.latest   

C.later   

D.last   

56. It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, ____traffic delays. 

A.acknowledging   

B.affording 

C.allowing for    

D.accounting for

57. He will have to____ his indecent behaviour one day. 

A.answer to   

B.answer for    

C.answer back    

D.answer about   

58. With ____ exceptions, the former president does not appear in public now. 

A.rare   

B.unusual   

C.extraordinary   

D.unique   

59. We have been hearing ____accounts of your work. 

A.favoured   

B.favourable   

C.favourite   

D.favouring   

60. During the summer holiday season there are no ____ rooms in this seaside hotel. 

A.empty   

B.blank   

C.deserted   

D.vacant   

61. Drive straight ahead, and then you will see a ____ to the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway. 

A.sign   

B.mark   

C.signal   

D.board   

62. Whenever possible, Ian ____ how well he speaks Japanese. 

A.shows up   

B.shows around   

C.shows off   

D.shows out   

63. The tenant left nothing behind except some ____ of paper, cloth, etc. 

A.sheets   

B.scraps   

C.papes   

D.slices   

64. Shares on the stock market have ____ as a result of a worldwide economic downturn. 

A.turned   

B.changed   

C.floated   

D.fluctuated   

65. I think you can take a(n) ____ language course to improve your English. 

A.intermediate   

B.middle   

C.medium   

D.mid   

Part ⅥREADING COMPREHENSION 〔30 MIN.〕 

TEXT A

The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identity. Early immigrants to America from Europe brought with them a collective style of living, which they retained until late in the 18th century. Historical records document a group-oriented existence, in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping. People ate soups from a sommunal pot, shared drinking cups, and used a common pit toilet. With the development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates; the eating of meals that included meat, bread, and vegetables served on separate plates; and the use of private toilets. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areas-kitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms.

In Mexico, the meaning and organization of domestic space is strikingly different. Houses are organized around a patio, or courtyard. Rooms open onto the patio, where all kinds of domestic activities take place. Individuals to not have separate bedrooms. Children often sleep with parents, and brothers or sisters share a bed, emphasizing familial interdependence. Rooms in Mexican houses are locations for multiple activities that, in contrast, are rigidly separated in the United States.

66.   Changes in living styles among early immigrants were initially brought about by ________.

A. rising living standard?

B. new concept?

C. new custom?

D. new designs of houses?

67.   Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?

A. Their concepts of domestic space.

B. Their social relationships.

C. The functions of their rooms.

D. The layout of their houses.?

TEXT B

There are superstitions attached to numbers; even those ancient Greeks believed that all numbers and their multiples had some mystical significance.

Those numbers between 1 and 13 were in particular to have a powerful influence over the affairs of men.

For example, it is commonly said that luck, good or bad, comes in threes; if an accident happens, two more of the same kind may be expected soon afterwards. The arrival of a letter will be followed by two others within a certain period.

Another belief involving the number three has it that it is unlucky to light three cigarettes from the one match. If this happens, the bad luck that goes with the deed falls upon the person whose cigarette was the last to be lit. The ill-omen linked to the lighting of three things from one match or candle goes back to at least the 17th century and probably earlier. It was believed that three candles alight at the same time would be sure to bring bad luck; one, two, or four, were permissible, but never just three.

Seven was another significant number, usually regarded as a bringer of good luck. The ancient astrologers believed that the universe was governed by seven planets; students of Shakespeare will recall that the life of man was divided into seven ages. Seven horseshoes nailed to a house will protect it from all evil.

Nine is usually thought of as a lucky number because it is the product of three times three. It was much used by the Anglo Saxons in their charms for healing.

Another belief was that great changes occurred every 7th and 9th of a man's life. Consequently, the age of 63 (the product of nine and seven) was thought to be a very perilous time for him. If he survived his 63rd year he might hope to live to a ripe old age.

Thirteen, as we well know, is regarded with great awe and fear. The common belief is that this derives from the fact that there were 13 people at Christ's Last Supper. This being the eve of his betrayal, it is not difficult to understand the significance given to the number by the early Christians.

In more modern times 13 is an especially unlucky number of a dinner party, for example. Hotels will avoid numbering a floor the 13th; the progression is from 12 to 14, and no room is given the number 13. Many home owners will use 12 1/2 instead of 13 as their house number.

Yet oddly enough, to be born on the 13th of the month is not regarded with any fear at all, which just shows how irrational we are in our superstitious beliefs.

68.   According to the passage, which of the following groups of numbers will certainly bring good luck to people?

A. 3 and 7

B. 3 and 9

C. 7 and 9

D. 3 and 13

69.   The ill luck associated with 13 is supposed to have its origin in ________.

A. legend

B. religion

C. popular belief

D. certain customs

70.   What is the author's attitude towards people's superstitious beliefs?

A. He is mildly critical.

B. He is strongly critical.

C. He is in favour of them.

D. His attitude is not clear.

TEXT C

Women's minds work differently from men's. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter or frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.

There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes-the link between the two halves of the brain.

The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is "What?", and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?

Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for word handing, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.

But it isn't all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at "language subjects" and boys better at maths and physics. If 〖WTHZ〗these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline, here is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.

We shan't know for a while, partly because we don't know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.

71.   Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.

B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.

C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.

D. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.

72.   According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by ________ factors.

A. biological

B. psychological

C. physical

D. social

73.   "these differences" n paragraph 5 refer to those in ________.

A. skills of men and women

B. school subject

C. the brain structure of men and women

D. activities carried out by the brain

74.   At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on ________.

A. the brain structure as a whole

B. the functioning of part of the brain

C. the distinction between the sexes

D. the effects of the corpus callosum

75.   What is the main purpose of the passage ________.

A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.

B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.

C. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.

D. To suggest new areas in brain research.

TEXT D

Information is the primary commodity in more and more industries today.

By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowledge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.

By 2005, half of all knowledge workers (22% of the labour force) will choose "flextime, flexplace" arrangements, which allow them to work at home, communicating with the office via computer networks.

In the United States, the so-called "digital divide" seems to be disappearing. In early 2000, a poll found, that, where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly. Hispanic households continued to lag behind, but their rate of computer ownership was expanding as well.

Company-owned and industry-wide television networks are bringing programming to thousands of locations. Business TV is becoming big business.

Computer competence will approach 100% in US urban areas by the year 2005, with Europe and Japan not far behind.

80% of US homes will have computers in 2005, compared with roughly 50% now. In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related. Demand for programmers and systems analysts will grow by 70%. The same trend is accelerating in Europe, Japan, and India.

By 2005, nearly all college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning. Others will come with CD-ROMs that offer similar resources.

Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries in the world by 2005. It will be possible to call up on a PC screen millions of volumes from distant libraries. Web sites enhance books by providing pictures, sound, film clips, and flexible indexing and search utilities.

Implications: Anyone with access to the Internet will be able to achieve the education needed to build a productive life in an increasingly high-tech world. Computer learning may even reduce the growing American prison population.

Knowledge workers are generally better paid than less-skilled workers. Their wealth is raising overall prosperity.

Even entry-level workers and those in formerly unskilled positions require a growing level of education. For a good career in almost any field, computer competence is a must. This is one major trend raising the level of education required for a productive role in today's work force. For many workers, the opportunity for training is becoming one of the most desirable benefits any job can offer.

76.   Information technology is expected to have impact on all the following EXCEPT ________.

A. American management personnel.

B. European management personnel.

C. American people's choice of career.

D. traditional practice at work

77.   "digital divide" in the 4th paragraph refers to ________.

A. the gap in terms of computer ownership

B. the tendency of computer ownership

C. the dividing line based on digit

D. the ethnic distinction among American households

78.   Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?

A. By 2005 all college and school study materials will turn electronic.

B. By 2005 printed college and school study materials will be supplemented with electronic material.

C. By 2005 some college and school study materials will be accompanied by CD-ROMs.

D. By 2005 Internet links make worldwide library search a possibility.

79.   Which of the following areas is NOT discussed in the passage?

A. Future careers.

B. Nature of future work.

C. Ethnic differences.

D. Schools and libraries.

80.   At the end of the passage, the author seems to emphasize ________ in an increasingly high-tech world.

A. the variety of education

B. the content of education

C. the need for education

D. the function of education

TEXT E 

First read the following question. 

81. The passage mainly discusses the effects of ____. 

A.health  

B.aspirin  

C.hearing loss  

D.heart attack   

Now, go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 81.

Aspirin may be the most familiar drug in the world-but its power to heal goes far beyond the usual aches and pains. Exciting new studies suggest that aspirin can help fight a wide range of serious illnesser. “It now seems to be a benefit in so many areas of health,”says Dr Debra Judelson, medical director of the Women’s Heart Institute in Beverly Hills, California. “I advise most of my patients, as long as they aren’t allergic to aspirin and don’t have bleeding problems, to take low-dose aspirin.”

Some of the major illnesses and conditions that aspirin or aspirin-like drugs might help prevent are: Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes-related heart disease, heart attack, cancer and antibiotic-induced hearing loss. 

TEXT F 

First read the following question. 

82. How many proposals does the passage put forward? 

A.One.  

B.Two.  

C.Three.  

D.Four.   

Now, go through TEXT F quickly and answer question 82.

What kind of environment do you want in the future? What can you do to help make it happen? What can other people do?

Education is one way to help the environment. You can learn about the environment in school.

Radio and television can give you information. Newspapers, magazines, and books also help you learn.

There are laws against littering and against making the air and water dirty. Other laws help people to save resources. The law lowering the speed limit for cars helps to save fuel.

Another way to help the environment is to plan for the future. We may have to find new resources. In the future, people may heat their homes with atomic power. Without planning, some kinds of environment may not happen. People can act now to help make te future.