1999年英语专业四级真题试卷及其参考答案

TEXT D

Migration is usually defined as “permanent or semi permanent change of residence. ” This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or across a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within nations, although such movements often exceed international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants. Students of human migration speak of “push” and “pull” factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job. oras traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destination).

Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential de stagnations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such ash e presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort cad to the development of migration flow.

Besides push and pull actors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening obstacles” Even if push and(or) pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble  and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem s likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by “personal factors” of the potential migrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing u p everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another.Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete w ith them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.

78. The author thinks that pull factors___.

A. are all related to economic considerations

B. are not as decisive as push factors

C. include a range of considerations

D. are more important than push factors

79. People’s decisions to migrate might be influenced by all the following EXC EPT___.

A. personalities.                       

B. education.

C. marital status.                       

D. abilities.

80. The purpose of the passage is to discuss___.

A. the problems of international migrants

B. the motives of international migrants

C. migration inside the country

D. migration between countries

SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING [5 min]

In this section there are seven passages with a total often multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.

TEXT E

First read the following question.

81. This is a letter of___.

A. inquiry           

B. complaint       

C. explanation       

D. introduction 

Now, go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 81.

Flat 24

Park Mansions

Newbury Road

The Manager

Reliable Motors Ltd.

876 Meadow Street 14th May 2002

Dear Sir,

I am writing to you concerning the Bernster Special 150 SE that I bought from you two weeks ago. The car has now developed the following faults:

1.The steering wheel is loose.

2.The hand brake does not work.

3.Oil is leaking from the engine.

4.The driver’s door-does not close properly.

Will you please telephone me and we can arrange for you to collect the car. Unless you can put the car in perfect working order, 1 am afraid I shall report your company to the Consumers’ Association.

Yours faithfully,

Tony Lockwood

TEXT F

First read the following question.

82. The passage is mainly about___.

A. Christmas sales 

B. retailing business

C. Internet population

D. online shopping

Now, go through TEXT F quickly and answer question 82.Online shopping (网上购物) has become a major force in retailing this year with more than US$1 billion in Christmas season sales, industry analysts say. The figure for the holiday tops the total for Internet shopping in all of 1996. Online shopping for the holiday season remained just a drop in the ocean of the estimated US$450 billion spent by US consumers. But the figure is growing rapidly. International Data Corporation, a market research group, predicts the World Wide Web (万维网) population will reach almost 100 million by 1998 and that online commerce will grow to more than US$20 billion.

TEXT G

First read the following question

83. The passage discusses the aim of___.

A. the organization       

B. blood centers in the USA

C. FDA new rules     

D. AIDS prevention 

Now, go through TEXT G quick and answer question 83.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking steps to protect the country’s blood supply. People give blood to the centers, where it is kept until it is needed for medical purposes. The FDA has provided new rules for the blood centers. The government agency says new rules are designed to improve the blood supply system. The new rules call for blood centers to develop more ways to make sure their work is done correctly. These rules are another way to help keep the blood supply pure. A leading concern is that someone with AIDS virus might give blood to a blood centre. For this reason, there are tests to find out if blood contains viruses that cause AIDS and other diseases

TEXT H

First read the following question.

84.   The passage advertises overseas___.

A. jobs 

B. studies     

C. travel   

D. aid

Now, go through TEXT H quickly and answer question 84.

NEW HORIZONS 

Are you looking for something interesting to do? Then why not work abroad for a year or two?We have jobs in most parts of the world —including Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia. We have jobs for teachers, doctors, nurses, engineers, car mechanics and many others. Why not see the world? We cannot offer you very much money, but the work is interesting. You can learn another language and work with people, too. For more information write to us at:

NEW HORIZONS JOB CENTER,

110 Spring Gardens,

London SW! 7BC

Please send your personal information (date of birth, educational qualifications , interests. experiences, etc.)

TEXT I

First read the following questions.