专八改错练习：英国的酒文化

the debate about problem drinking and how to stop it nowadays centres most on the working-class young.(1)____ they are highly visible-and inaudible-as they clog city centres on saturday nights.(2)____ but a chapter in a forthcoming book, intoxication and society, by philip withington, a cambridge historian, argues that it was the educated elite whom taught britons how to drink to excess.(3)____in the 17th century, england experienced a rise in educational enrolment unsurpassedly until the early 20th century. literacy inclined and the universities of cambridge and oxford, as well as the inns of court and chancery where barristers leamed their craft, brimming with affluent young men.(4)____(5)____ this was the crucial period which modern drinking culture was formed. mr withington's description of 17th-century drinking practices will sound familiar to anybody who has been within a few miles of a british university. it was characterised by two conflicting aims. men were to consume large qualities of alcohol in keeping with conventions of excess.(7)____ yet they also supposed to remain in control of their faculties, bantering and displaying wit.(8)____ students and would-be lawyers formed drinking societies, where they leamed the social-and drinking-skills required of gentlemen.a market in instruction quickly emerged. collections filled with jokes, quotes and fun facts proliferated, promised to teach, as john cotgrave's wits interpreter put it, "the art of drinking, by a most learned method".(9)____ mirroring the standardisation of language after the invention of the printing press, codes of intoxication were disseminated to many a wider audience as society became more literate and censorship declined.(10)____

1．most→mostly词汇错误。most作副词时，表示“最，非常”。根据本句句意“如今对饮酒和禁酒的争论大部分围绕在年轻的工薪阶层”，故most与上下文不符，应用副词mostly，表示“大部分地，大多数地，主要地”。
2．inaudible→audible语篇错误。inaudible表示“听不见的，不可闻的”，根据前面提到的highly visible可以判断，此处要表示的意思是“周六晚上城市中心挤满了这些年轻人，随处可见，处处可闻”。故inaudible的反义词audible符合上下文语境。
3．whom→who/that语法错误。本句是强调句，强调的部分是the educated elite，当强调人时应该用引导词that或who，且不能省略。
4．inclined→declined诃汇错误。incline作动词表示“倾斜，倾向于，易于”，与上下文不符，前一句话提到“从17世纪至20世纪早期，英格兰地区教育扩招规模空前”。
紧接着本句提到illiteracy（文盲），可以推测，此处想表达的意思是“文盲数量减少”，因此要用incline的形近词decline，表示“减少，降低”。
5．brimming→brimmed语法错误。brim with sth.表示“（使）满，盛满”，此处是过去分词作伴随状语，对universities和inns进行补充说明，表示这些地方云集了很多年轻人。
6．which→in语法错误。此处which引导定语从句，修饰先行词period。而定语从句中主谓部分完整，period在该从句中属于时间状语成分。故应在which前加in．表明“现代酒文化是在该重要时期形成的”。
7．qualities→quantities词汇错误。qualities表示“质量，品质”，本文讨论的是酗酒现象，不涉及酒的品质好坏问题，另外根据后面的excess（过量）一词也可以判断这里强调17世纪的饮酒风俗就是大量饮酒。因此用quantity（数量）形成圄定搭配large quantities of，表示“大量的”。
8.also→were词汇错误。be supposed to是固定搭配，表示“应该；认为必须；被期望”，且be动词应该放在also之前。全句意为“本以为他们能保持自控，谈笑风生”。
9．promised→promising语法错误。promise并不是和谓语proliferated并列，不能加and，而是作伴随状语，修饰前面整个句子，因此要用promise的现在分词形式promising。
10．many→many词汇错误。many a是固定词组，表示“许多的”，修饰可数名词单数，但此处audience（观众）是集合名词，当形容观众人数多或少时，通常用big，large，huge，wide以及small，心血等形容词修饰，但不用many, few修饰，因此删掉many。