冲击波英语专八系列：解析专八听力讲座（2）
这类题目就不是直接拷贝能得出答案的。必须以笔记作为基础，结合对讲座的理解进行有效的归纳、总结和推断才能得出答案。这类题目难度颇高，考前应该好好训练，仔细揣摩出题者的意图，总结题型的大致思路，这样才能做到有备而战。
2004讲座：
讲座内容：Men have had it easier; they have done it with a smile and a good, fi rm handshake. What about women then? Over the last several years, women have started to take over that custom as well, between themselves or with men.
笔记：
men — easier — a smile — fi rm handshake
women—start custom as well—between themselves or with men
填空题：
Skill to part
1) importance: open up possibilities for future friendship or contact
2) ways:
— men: a smile, a handshake
— women: same as (10) now
— how to express pleasure in meeting someone
评析：讲座里的Over the last several years, women have started to take over that custom as well, between themselves or with men. 这句话说明，在过去的一些年里，女性也开始使用这样的礼节（指握手），女性与女性之间如此，和男性之间也是如此。笔记记录的是：women —start custom as well — 由此可以得出这样的结论：女性也和男性一样开始使用握手道别的礼节。答案是men/ men’s。
2009讲座：
讲座内容：All the report is, really, is a place in which you tell the story of your study, like what you did, why you did it, what you found out in the process and so on.
笔记：study subject/ topic/ content — study reason/purpose — fi nding/result
填空题
I. Content of an experimental report, e.g.
— study subject/ area
— study purpose
— (1)
评析：讲座里的what you found out in the process这句话不可以直接拿来填进空格中，因为要跟题目中的上面部分study subject/ area；study purpose对应，因此要经过推断才能得出答案，并要注意词性要求。答案为study result(s)/ study fruit(s)/study fi nding(s)。
2010讲座：
讲座内容：When two people are keen to agree with each other, they would likely, though unconsciously, adopt the same posture as if in imitation of each other. They sit or stand in the same manner. When used in this way, ec-hoing appears to complement the verbal communication. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is mocking at another speaker.
笔记：
3) echoing: agree with each other
a. unconsciously — the same posture — imitation — complement verbal communication
b. conscious imitation — mocking at speaker
填空题
3. echoing
— defi nition: imitation of similar posture
— (10) : aid in communication
— conscious imitation: mockery
评析：讲座中的原话...though unconsciously, ...adopt the same posture as if in imitation of each other. 并不能用来直接拷贝，但根据笔记内容就能推断出人们为了表达赞同对方就会无意识地模仿对方的姿态，这是交际活动的补充，所以答案为unconscious imitation。
2011年讲座：
讲座内容：Now, let’s move on to low-context culture. A low-context culture is just the opposite. A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event, or the action is of separate entity, having meaning unto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context. The message, the event, the action have meaning in itself. So what this means in a low-context culture is that people pay more attention to the event itself, rather than to the context which surrounds the event or the message.
笔记：
2. low-context culture
message/event/action—separate entity—regardless of surroundings/ context
—meaning in itself
pay more attention to the event itself>context
填空题：
I. Low-context culture
A. feature
—message: separate form context
—meaning (6) (6)
评析：
答案为in (the) message (itself)/in (the) event (itself)/ in (the) action (itself)。本题为推理题。讲座中对低语境文化的定义为：A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event, or the action is of separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context.可见与高语境文化相反，低语境文化注重的是信息本身，而不是包含信息的语境。因此答案为in (the) message (itself)/in
(the) event (itself)/ in (the) action (itself)。
2012年讲座：
讲座内容：Now let’s take a look at observation without intervention. Observation without intervention is also called naturalistic observation because its main purpose is to describe behavior as it normally occurs.
笔记：
2. observation without intervention
naturalistic observation
describe behavior as it normally occurs
填空题：
observation without intervention
— purpose: describing behavior (9)
评析：
讲座中提到研究者不干涉行为的观测方法是在自然状态下描述行为：Observation without intervention is also called naturalistic observation because its main purpose is to describe behavior as it normally occurs. 本题的难度是需要把as it normally occurs从句转换成不超过三个词的意义相同的短语。
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