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托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)Ⅱ

2008-10-06来源:
  二、介词
  
介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。
  (一) 介词搭配  例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those
      A         B   C     
    in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food.                  D
  分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错
  例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal.
  A       B     C  D
  分析:B错改为be rich in
  例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the
      A         B      C
    alternation of periods of light and darkness.
               D
  分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。
  (二) 最重要的两个介词  1、介词of 多余或者遗漏  例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water.
            A      B  C     D
  分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。
  例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has
                   A  B    
    starred in stage, television, and film productions on
        C
    both sides the Atlantic Ocean.
        D
  分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。
  2、介词by
  一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by,另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing
  例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States
      A         B      
     can be performed from a justice of the peace.
     C     D
  分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。
  例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils
     A                     
     could veto a declaration of war at refusing to
       B    C       D
     supply moccasins and field rations.
  分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。
  例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with
          A               
    operations on sets of numbers or other elements
          B          C  
    that are often represented at symbols.
                D
  分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。