托福口语 Task4

● 题型分析
　　它的题目流程和Task3是一样的，也是Read/Listen/Speak三者结合，都属于integrated speaking题型。不过是关于an academic topic，总的来说，Task4比Task3的难度更加提升了一些，这就要考察你ablity of combining the main information of the reading with that of what you heared.
　　● 注意事项
　　广大托友们一定要注意在做Task4时，它并不要求你发表自己的观点，不要在你的陈述中加入“I think------”或者是“In my opinion”，这是多此一举!而且它也不要求你必须具备听力或者阅读材料中所涉及的相关学术领域的专业知识，你只需要合理地结合两部分给出的信息，然后依据这些信息进行充分有效地回答!
　　● 试题分析
　　Reading
　　Social Interaction
　　People deal with each other every day. This interaction is at the heart of social life. The study of social interaction is concerned with the influence people have over one another's behavior. People take each other into account in their daily behavior and in fact, the very presence of others can affect behavior. For example, one principle of social interaction, audience effects, suggests that individuals' work is affected by their knowledge that they are visible to others, that the presence of others tends to alter the way people behave or perform an activity.
　　Explain how the examples of tying shoes and learning to type demonstrate the principle of audience effects.
　　√Sample answer1
　　Here we talk about the way we interact each other. What we know and what we want and the others’ presence, behaviors will tend to our actions. This is an example of typing shoes and learning to type which demonstrates the principle of audience effects. Indeed we know we should affect common behaviors. If we type shoes faster, we could make more mistakes.
　　解析：
　　Sample1把重点都放在了一些比较理论的叙述上，而缺乏了对tying shoes这个事例的介绍和分析。首先，大家要注意调整好你所陈述topic的主观即理论部分和事例部分各自所占的合理分配比例。为什么这样说呢?因为在我所接触的客户中，在做Task4时往往是走两个极端的路线，要么都是纯理论的阐述要么就是偏重于listening中的事例说明，都没有完美地把两部分结合。
　　√Sample answer2
　　There are two groups of students must have type their shoes. The first group which is told they will be observed type faster than the second group which is not told that they are observed. This is the first principle of the audience effect. Secondly, people who are told they are observed, when they are typing, they make more mistakes than the second group who are not told they are observed. This is the second principle of the audience effect.
　　解析：
　　(1)纵观Sample2的陈述，他表达地较有条理，但是和Sample1相比较，它正好缺乏对the principle of audience effects的理论部分陈述，如果把Sample1 和Sample2的表达结合一下就完美了。
　　(2)语言表达多样性有待提高。在Sample2中多次听到they are observed这种表达，这样就显得客户词汇量有限，其实可以把observe和watch互换地应用!托友们应该注意了!
　　(3)指示词和过渡词的有效运用。本段中使用了secondly,这很好!但是回头看前面的陈述并没有发现firstly，所以这样整体听起来就显得有点突兀、不连贯。指示词和过渡词的恰当使用无论在口语中还是写作中都起着举足轻重的作用。它会使你的口语表达重点突出，层次分明，更加流畅，过渡也更加自然。下面就列举一些常用的指示词和过渡词，希望大家多多应用在自己的口语表达和写作中。
　　指示词：First Second Third Fourth
　　Finally Then Next After that
　　Most importantly Another Furthermore Moreover
　　Before The first The second The final point
　　过渡词：but however and despite
　　Consequently expect for although even though
　　In addition to rather than instead of alternatively
　　On the other hand in conclusion in short to sum up
　　For example in particular namely for instance
　　Eventually meanwhile at the same time while
　　Just as what’s more as well as but also
　　Whereas nonetheless in contrast provided that
　　Because since as a result therefore
　　(4)个别的句子表达有误
　　W: There are two groups of students must have type their shoes.
　　R: Two groups of students are required to type their shoes.
　　There are two groups of students who are demanded to type their shoes.
　　W: People who are told they are observed, when they are typing, they make more mistakes than the second group who are not told they are observed.
　　R: People who are told they are observed make more mistakes than the people who are not when they are typing shoes.