新托福口语：Task 6解析

　　在新托福口语考试中，高分考生的答案普遍都具有一个特点，那就是清晰（clear）和连贯（coherent）。特别是在学术感很强的Task6部分，考生没有了阅读材料作参考，只能完全依赖听力材料, 难度增加的同时，能否表达的清晰连贯就更加重要了。在紧张的，有严格时间限制的考试过程中要做到这两个要求，一个最为行之有效的方法便是使用逻辑感非常强烈的句型。在本文中，朗阁海外考试研究中心将主要针对新托福口语part 6，通过一些常见真题来探讨一下最能体现逻辑感的四大状语从句（即时间，原因，条件，让步）在考试当中的运用，从而帮助考生们有效展现清晰和连贯的语言能力。
　　一．四大条件状语从句
　　1.时间状语从句 【adverbial clause of time】：
　　常用引导词：When, while, as, after, before, as soon as, since, till
　　2.原因状语从句 【adverbial clause of cause】：
　　常用引导词：because, since, as, for
　　特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that
　　3.条件状语从句 【adverbial clause of condition】
　　 常用引导词：if, unless,
　　特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
　　4.让步状语从句 【adverbial clause of concession】
　　常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
　　特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
　　二．Task 6真题示范讲解
　　题目简介：
　　【讲课要点】：心理学
　　讲儿童情绪。不仅只是高兴与否，也会情绪转移。
　　【举例说明】：
　　许多孩子在同一房间。如果一个哭，另一个也会哭，然后更多的孩子一起哭。人们以为这是对外界环境---噪音的反应。
　　一个成人和一个孩子玩。成人哭了，孩子并不哭。这证明原来孩子哭是表示同情，而不是由于外界的吵闹。
　　然后研究也表明：孩子听别人的哭声的录音带，孩子会哭；孩子听自己的哭声的录音带，孩子不哭。
　　回答演示1：
　　The lecture tells us about children’s emotion. They are not only happy or angry, but also show empathy of others. Then the professor goes on to explain that by giving two examples. One is that many children are in the same room and a child starts to cry, another one also starts to cry and more children join it soon. So people think this is caused by environment but not noise. Another example is that an adult plays with a child. He starts to cry, but the baby does not cry. This is against the previous conclusion that noise makes the child cry. Actually，this is an emotional-empathy，that is，they have sympathy for other children. Research has also shown that one tape with other baby’s crying makes the baby cries. But another tape of his own crying doesn’t make the baby cry. Therefore, babies cry because empathy of others. They concern about others.
　　答案解析：
　　新托福口语Task 6中，最常出现的题型就是这种现象——举例式题目，我们可以看到在这个范例中，虽然考生将听力材料中的重要信息都涵盖在答案里，而且没有出现任何明显的语法错误，但是因为缺少必要的逻辑连接词，整个表达给我们一种非常凌乱的感觉，毫无任何连贯和清晰可言。这也是很多考生之所以虽然将笔记记得非常详细，却依然拿不到理想分数的主要原因。
　　回答演示2：
　　The lecture tells us about children’s emotion. They are not only happy or angry, but also show empathy of others. Then the professor goes on to explain that by giving two examples. One is that many children are in the same room. When a child starts to cry, another will also start to cry and more children join it later on. So people think this is because of the environment, but not noise. Another example is that an adult plays with a child. When he starts to cry, the baby does not cry. This is against the previous conclusion that the child cries due to the noise. Actually this is because of an emotional-empathy. The children cry because they show empathy for other children. Research has also shown this----- if a baby listens to one tape with other baby’s crying, the baby cries. If a baby hears another tape of his own crying, the baby does not cry. Therefore, babies cry because they feel empathy of others. They concern about others.
　　答案解析：
　　在这个回答范例中，我们在原来答案的基础上加入了若干表示原因，让步，条件逻辑关系的连接词，构成了状语从句，可以很明显感到改动后的答案体现了强烈的逻辑感，前后句的关系更加紧密，语意立刻变得清晰，连贯，在短时间内使考生能够把lecture的内容解释清楚。
　　接下来我们来看另一道真题演示，体会这些状语从句的作用：
　　题目简介：和谐英语学习网
　　【讲课要点】： 科技类
　　科技课。讲了发明创造的两种出现方式
　　【举例说明】：
　　有意出现
　　无意出现。
　　然后分别用双焦眼镜（bifocal glasses）和 X-rays 举例说明。
　　回答演示：
　　In the lecture, the professor tells about the new technolgy’s coming up and changing in our daily life. He explains that there are two ways in which those inventions and innovations happen: intentionally and accidentally. Then he takes bifocal glasses for example to show intentional discoveries. Before the bifocal glasses were invented, people had to carry two pairs of glasses wherever they went. One was for seeing things far away, and the other for closer views. Therefore when bifocal glasses were invented, they immediately became popular among many people because of the great convenience provided.
　　He goes on to give another example of accidental innovation. When people first encountered X-ray in the lab, the scientists had no idea of what this finding meant, or where to put this discovery into application.
　　通过以上的陈述以及范例讲解，希望考生们可以充分体会并理解，在口语表达的清晰与连贯性上，四大状语从句所起的至关重要的作用，并在考试中有效运用，以助考生们获得理想成绩。