托福口语:词汇表达顺序解析
例题1(1997年8月考题) An critic, teacher, librarian, or poet who hopes to broaden poetry's audience faces the difficult challenge of persuading skeptical readers _____.
(A) that poetry is important today
(B) for poetry to be important today
(C) to be important poetry today
(D) poetry that is important today.
首先,分析句子结构。句子的主干是an critic(teacher, librarian or poet ) faces the difficult challenge。定语从句who hopes to broaden poetry's audience修饰句子的主语an critic, teacher, librarian, or poet;介词短语of persuading skeptical readers_____修饰名词词组the difficult challenge。空格内填入的既不是主句的主语,谓语,也不是主句的宾语,但它却是修饰宾语的定语。所以必须符合修饰的规则,在这里表现为符合动词persuade的用法。我们知道,persuade有三种用法:persuade sb to do sth(劝某人做某事),persuade sb of sth(劝某人相信某事)和persuade sb that从句(劝某人相信某事)。选项正好符合第三种用法,而且意思通顺。选项B和C虽然都带了介词to,但却不符合persuade sb to do sth的用法,因为其中的动词do sth必须是sb这个人所执行的动作。对于选项D,显然poetry that的顺序错了。如果将poetry that该成that poetry,就变成了选项A,即正确答案。
例题2(1999年1月考题) All eels spawn in the sea, the eggs hatchingsintostransparent, ribbonlike larvae _____, feeding until they metamorphosesintossmall eels.
(A) that drift about
(B) drift about
(C) about drifting
(D) drift about them
首先分析句子结构。All eels spawn in the sea是个完整的主谓结构。而其后的成分与这个主谓结构没有连词相连(4个选项都不含连词),所以后面都是修饰成分。其中的the eggs hatchingsintostransparent, ribbonlike larvae _____应该是同位语,而feeding until they metamorphosesintossmall eels是larvae的伴随状语。所以,空格里填入的应该是修饰larvae的成分。4个选项中,A是以that引导的定语从句,它正好可以修饰名词larvae。选项B和D正好与larvae构成主谓结构,显然不符合空格。至于C,则纯粹是一个混淆选项。
例题3(1997年8月考题) Among the first plants to grow on the land regions of the Earth _____, which in prehistoric times grew to immense size.
(A) were horsetail rushes
(B) horsetail rushes
(C) horsetail rushes were
(D) and horsetail rushes
首先,分析句子结构。这个句子以介词短语开头,among the first plants to grow on the land regions of the Earth。根据我们平时阅读的经验,该介词短语应当充当句子的谓语或者修饰名词的定语。如果它充当句子的谓语,那么这个句子应该用倒装语序,即后面紧跟一个助动词和主语。选项A正好是这种倒装的谓语结构,而且空格后which引导的从句正好修饰在它之前的名词horsetail rushes。
这里,among介词引导的短语的另外一种可能用法是修饰主句的名词做定语。如果是这种情况的话,空格应该有一个完整的主谓结构,应该空格后都是定语。选项B和D都不带谓语动词,所以排除掉。选项 C后带了动词,但却是助动词,而且正好是选项A的主谓顺序颠倒。由此,我们知道这应该是一个介词引导的倒装语序,所以正确答案是A.
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