托福口语解题的六大原则

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　　INDEPENDENT SPEAKING TASKS

　　In the independent speaking portion of the TOEFL iBT test, you will givetwo short speeches on topics that are familiar to you. For the personalpreference task, you will choose and support a preference from a particularcategory. For the personal choice task, you will make and support a choicebetween two contrasting options.

　　An effective speech begins with an introductory statement that tells thelistener what the speech is about. The body of the speech is made up ofexplanations and details. A concluding statement completes the speech.

　　1. Listen carefully to the task and think about what you must do in yourresponse.

　　Ask yourself these questions:

　　What is the topic of the task?

　　What am I being asked to do?

　　Then make a mental list of the answers to these questions. For example,look at the following task:

　　Name a skill you have learned and explain why it is important to you.Include details and examples to support your explanation.

　　For this task, you would make a mental list like the following:

　　The topic is about a skill I have learned. I need to:

　　Name the skill

　　Define the skill if the listener might not know what it is

　　Explain its importance

　　Include details and examples

　　2. Quickly decide on a topic.

　　It is easy to run out of preparation time while trying to decide what topicwithin the given category you will discuss. Quickly choose a topic and startthinking about the examples and details you can include for that particulartopic. Remember, examiners are not interested in what the topic is but in howwell you can express yourself.

　　3. Restate the task to include the topic that you ate going to speakabout.

　　For the task in Strategy 1 above, you might choose to focus on the skill oftouch-typing. Your restatement could be:

　　have learned how to touch-type, and this has been very important during mystudies.

　　4. Work through your mental list of requirements.

　　For the task in Strategy 1 above, your list might be:

　　Name the skill. You have already named the skill in your restatement of thetask statement.

　　Define the skill. Ask yourself if you need to define your topic. Will thelistener know about the topic you have chosen?

　　Explain the importance to you of the topic you have chosen.

　　Include details and examples from your own experience.

　　5. Know your goal.

　　When studying, record your speech and make a transcript, writing it exactlyas you said it. Then make improvements to it: correct mistakes, eliminate longhesitations, and replace words or rephrase sentences to avoid repetition.Practice reading the corrected version aloud, and time yourself. Read it againwhile timing yourself, and stop reading at 45 seconds. How far did you get?

　　You will find that 45 seconds is only enough time for you to restate thetask with your topic and to give one or two examples and one or two details.Eliminate unnecessary examples and details from your transcript and read itagain with a timer. Once you have eliminated enough to be able to read yourresponse aloud in about 35-40 seconds, and the topic does not suffer from a lackof examples or detail, you know your goal. The remaining 5-10 seconds are forthe natural hesitations and corrections a speaker generally makes whentalking.

　　6. Get ready for the next item.

　　It is easy to get anxious if you run out of time and have not finished whatyou intended to say, or if you finish what you want to say and there is stilltime left. Take a deep breath to help you relax and get ready for the next partof the test.