如何打造个性化托福口语模版

　　托福口语考试分为独立任务和综合任务两个部分，独立任务一般要求考生对所给问题提出自己的看法和观点;而综合任务则更多考察考生对于材料的复述能力。对于很多考生而言，大量练习掌握了答题技巧后，对于综合口语任务的答题思路会更清晰，而且由于原题中的阅读和听力部分提供了大量的语料，所以总结复述起来相对会比独立任务轻松一些。而独立任务考察的话题相对而言更为多样、广泛，所以很多考生觉得摸不着答题的脉络，会背诵一些模板去组织自己答案的框架，甚至在考场中直接背诵答案的内容和例子，但往往最终都得到一个远比自己口语能力低很多的分数。

　　我们不是不可以用一些模式化的东西去丰富我们的语料库，而是要有技巧的、灵活的对于模板进行改造，不再选择千篇一律的模板，而是通过改述的方法创造属于自己的模板。

　　首先，要改造题干。在托福口语的评分细则中明确指出考生如果使用太多题干词汇，得分就会偏低。有考生曾经对一个话题“A school is planningto organize its students to visit the workplace.Which place do you recommend thestudents to visit? 1. A science lab; 2. Abusiness office; 3. A TV studio. Usespecific details and examples tosupport your response.”做出了如下开头式的回答：“If a schoolis planning to organize its students to visit the workplace,I will choose go toa science lab.”首先，这种开头基本是对考题的照搬，如果题干很长的话，全部要复述出来也许要花费大概15秒的时间，仅仅只说了一个开头;其次，这样做没有体现出一种变化性，只是一种简单的重复。我们如果说：“Iwould rather visit the workplace…”这样的开头既简洁，又能对题干进行很好的paraphrase。

　　类似改述的表达还可以是：

　　Which of these do you prefer? 可以换为I would like to have... I would liketo...

　　Which option would you prefer? 换为I think that v.-ing... is the betterapproach

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? 可以换为I believe thestatement is reasonable. In other words I think...

　　Which factor ismore important to you? 改为I would rather have...

　　Which way oflife do you think is better? 改为I prefer to...

　　Which opiniondo you think is better? 改为I tend to support the opinionthat…is…

　　Which approachdo you think is better for students? 改为My opinion is thatstudents should...

　　所以在考试前考生可以专门拿当月的机经题目去练习开头的变化方式，提前通过模拟练习做好准备，做到看到题目就可以脱口而出自己改述过的答案。同时这里也提醒考生不要在结尾处再进行一次类似的重复，否则答案听上去会有混时间的赘余感，因为开头和结尾都是套路式的句子。

　　其次，内容可以基于模板融入自己的例子进行改述。比如问道：“If visitors from another country planned tovisit your country, wherewould you recommend they go? Explain your choice indetail.”这道题目就可以进行本土化的改造，加入自己生活城市的景点和当地特色。这样做的目的很简单，大多数没有认真准备或者没有进行思考的答案一般说的比较泛泛，而人类语言和思维的共通性极容易让你和其他人的观点撞车，从而最多只能得到中等分数段。所以我们要想有一些变化就需要用到对例子的改述这种方法。比如有一个例子是关于美国的：“IfI were asked to give suggestions about cities to foreign visitors, Iwouldrecommend New York City---it is truly a city that never sleeps. There areendlessthings to do and see all year long. No matter what you're in the moodfor, NewYork has it. Some great restaurants, hotels and shops are located inthis city.I’d suggest the visitors start the day off by walking around inbeautiful CentralPark, then have lunch downtown in The Village and go shoppingin SoHo. In theevening, they could go see a Broadway show. Then, the next day,the sightseerscould visit the Statue of Liberty, walk around Times Square andmaybe even see aNew York Yankees baseball game. And, if they didn't want tospend a lot of money,New York is the perfect city for people-watching.”

　　在这一段答案中，很棒的一个前提就是“it is truly a city that never sleeps”,这就说明纽约对于游客来说是一个能从早玩到晚的城市，答案就显得很充实。我们下面就对这个答案进行个性化改造，变成广州版的。

　　If I were askedto give suggestions about cities to foreign visitors, Iwould recommendGuangzhou—it is truly a city that brings rich history and modernitemstogether. There are endless things to do and see all year long. No matterwhatyou're in the mood for, GZ has it. Some fancy restaurants, hotels and shopsarelocated in this city. I'd suggest the visitors start the day off bywalkingaround in Zheng Jia Square, which is a central general store, and myfriendscan taste traditionally Cantonese morning breakfast and go shopping init. Inthe evening, they could see Canton Tower, a luminous TV station. Standingonthe top of skyscraper, they will overlook full views of GZ. Therefore, GZ isamust-visit city for my foreign friends.

　　当然，考生完全可以按照自己的喜好对上述模板进行本地化改述，而且建议考生们平时在做brainstorming的时候，可以将自己喜爱的电影，小说，音乐，人物，地点，食物，想法等都列出来，以方便做出自己的模板。这样，对待托福口语考试就不再像对待生硬的机器聊天，而更像是与自己的朋友倾诉和分享自己的爱好，观点，从而做出自己喜欢而且独特的答案。