2012年3月24日新托福考试回忆

短时记忆的问题.教授有2个例子,第一,别人告诉你一个电话,你两个小时之后就忘了,证明了短时记忆你没用,你就忘记的很快. 第二个例子,教授自己的经验,要去买书,记好了书名,过来一个朋友和教授聊书,之后教授就只记得和朋友说的书名,把自己要买的书给忘记了.说明了短时记忆会因为其他的信息进入而受到干扰。

英文版：

Short-term memory: a temporary storage of information. 两个特征：decay (not being used) 和interference (new information).

For example, you are out with your classmate and you want to dial someone’s cell phone’s number which you don’t know. So you ask you classmate and call your friend. But after two hours when your friend are not with you, since the number has been used after that, you couldn’t remember and recall the number again because it has fade away. That’s decay.

The professor uses his own experience to illustrate interference. He went to the bookstore and made a list of the books he wanted, but he forgot to take it with him and left it in his car, but he thought he could remind himself of the books listed. However, when he ran into his friend in the bookstore and talked for a while, all he could remember is the booked his friend mentioned that were quite interesting. The new information interfered with the original one. That’s interference.

Task 5

一个人的朋友把他书弄湿了..看不了了.但是考试又急用，两个方案,让朋友赔一本一样的,但是会伤及朋友关系.第二个,去图书馆看,但是只能在图书馆借阅,而且可能会被别人先借走.问你哪个方法解决比较好。

英文版：

In the conversation, the man has a problem. He lent his mathematic book to his friend Ted, but the book got ruined, all soaked out when left outside.

There are two possible solutions. The first one is to ask Ted to buy a new copy for him. The second one is to use the copy in the library as the professor put the material on reserved for them

Task 6

一个教授讲动物间的social interaction

说他们whether they know他们之间有interaction？

举了两个例子：1阐述的是：complex social interaction。例子：大象Elephants：一个大象生病了，其他会照顾他们。

2阐述的是simple social interaction。例子：fishes 会protect（文中不是这个词）from predators，

但是其实他们是不能recognize的，他们甚至不能distinguish each other。

意思是说：鱼们不能感知他们间有interaction，甚至他们都不知道原来大家都是species鱼。

写作部分：
综合写作：

是关于build crossings for wild animals 好还是不好。阅读说不好，第一点是动物们不会自己训练去使用crossing, 所以他们没用。第二点是financial waste. 第三点developed areas too damage,阻止wild animals to reproduce 。

Listening: 第一点是动物们有adaptation，不会立刻显现出他们已经学习新东西了，随着时间的推移，这些就会显现出。第二点是人和动物发生碰撞，除了动物受到伤害，你还得花钱去修那些车啊什么的，还要花钱保护人们不受到伤害。第三点是反驳，正是这些crossings connect the fragments，从而动物们更好的繁殖。

独立写作：

To make children do well in school, parents should limit the hours that children spend on watching TV or movies.