托福听力段子十大黄金原则

6．转折原则
听段子时，还要特别注意那些“含有转折含义的词或结构”。因为无论段子还是对话，转折的地方永远做考点。
Multiply:
历年TOEFL听力段子中最常考的转折类结构汇编：
1）but …
2）however …
3）nevertheless …
4）while …
5）yet …
6）unless …
7）except for …
8）actually …
9）in fact …
10) To tell you the truth …
11)practically …
12)virtually …
13)as a matter of fact …

7．问答原则
听段子时，还要特别注意那些“含有一问一答或自问自答形式的句子或结构”。往往问题就会做为考题，而对问题的回答就是考点所在，即正确答案的出处。

8．开头原则
听段子时，要特别注意听清“段子开头的一两句话”。往往TOPIC（主题）会在这一带出现，而主题必为考点。

9．尾巴原则
同样，还要特别注意听清“段子结束时的一两句话”。往往CONCLUSION（结论）会在这一带出现，而结论也必为考点。

10．人名原则
切记：听段子时，不论是文科段还是理科段，只要出现人名的地方，往往“埋伏着”考点。因为后面必有一道题会问这个人的地位、作用和所做出的特殊贡献。故含有人名之处必为考点。
以上十大原则匆匆讲完，想必有点“纸上谈兵”的感觉。下面我们就试着运用一下。先给大家一个段子，请在60秒内，通过迅速扫描，把可能会出题的地方在原文中划出来。开始！
[2000.1.（47）——（50）]
Questions 47-50. Listen to the beginning of a lecture given by a history professor.
Good morning, class. Before we begin today, I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture. As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Robert E. Pierre was the first person to reach the North Pole. What I neglected to mention was the controversy around Pierre’s pioneering accomplishment. In 1910, a committee of the national geographical society examined Comeydore Pierre’s claim to have reached the North Pole on April 6th 1909 and found no reason to doubt him. This judgment was actually confirmed by a committee of the US congress in 1911. Nevertheless, Pierre’s claim was surrounded by controversy. This was largely due to the competing claim of Doctor Frederic Cook who told the world he had reached the Pole a four-year earlier. Over the decades Pierre was given the benefit of the doubt, but critics persisted in raising questions about his navigation and the distances he claimed to have covered. So the Navigation Foundation spent an additional 12 months of exhaustive examination of documents relating to Pierre’s polar expedition. The documents supported Pierre’s claims about the distances he covered. After also conducting an extensive computer analysis of photos taken by Pierre at the pole, they concluded that Pierre and his companions did in fact reach the near vicinity of the North Pole on April 6th, 1909. OK, today we’re going to talk about exploration of the opposite end of the world. I assume you all read chapter 3 in our text and are now familiar with the names: Emerson and Scott.

OK，下面我把考点用粗体阴影标出。看看你划得对吗？

Good morning, class. Before we begin today, I would like to address an issue that one of you reminded me of after the last lecture.（开头原则） As you may recall, last time I mentioned that Robert E. Pierre was the first person （级别强调原则）to reach the North Pole. What I neglected to mention（含义强调原则） was the controversy around Pierre’s pioneering accomplishment. In 1910, a committee of the national geographical society examined Comeydore Pierre’s claim to have reached the North Pole on April 6th 1909 and found no reason to doubt him. This judgment was actually confirmed by a committee of the US congress in 1911. Nevertheless, （转折原则）Pierre’s claim was surrounded by controversy. This was largely due to （因果原则）the competing claim of Doctor Frederic Cook who told the world he had reached the Pole a four-year earlier. Over the decades Pierre was given the benefit of the doubt, but （转折原则）critics persisted in raising questions about his navigation and the distances he claimed to have covered. So （因果原则）the Navigation Foundation spent an additional 12 months of exhaustive examination of documents relating to Pierre’s polar expedition. The documents supported Pierre’s claims about the distances he covered. After also conducting an extensive computer analysis of photos taken by Pierre at the pole, they concluded that （结论强调原则）Pierre and his companions did in fact（转折原则） reach the near vicinity of the North Pole on April 6th, 1909. OK, today we’re going to talk about exploration of the opposite end of the world. I assume you all read chapter 3 in our text and are now familiar with the names: Emerson and Scott. （尾巴原则）

中文参考译文：

早上好。在我们开始之前，我想提一下上节课后一位同学给我提出的一个问题。（开头原则）你们可能还记得，上节课我说过Robert E. Pierre是第一个（级别强调原则）到达北极的人。而我没提到过（含义强调原则）对Pierre这次历险成就的争论。1910年，一个国家地理学会小组考察了“宣布Comeydore Pierre在1909年4月6日登上北极点”的报告，发现没有理由怀疑他的成功。这个决定被美国国会在1911年就核实了。然而，（转折原则）Pierre的成就却被疑问包围着。这是因为（因果原则）Frederic Cook医生宣布他比Pierre早4年到达北极点。在以后的年代里Pierre赚了怀疑的便宜，但是（转折原则）批评家坚持对他所走方向和所走距离提出疑问。所以，（因果原则）领航基金会又用了12个月的难熬时间来考察Pierre的历险。文件支持了Pierre对路程的主张。在用了大量电脑分析Pierre在北极点拍的照片以后，他们作出结论：（结论强调原则）Pierre和他的伙伴们实际上的确（转折原则）在1909年4月6日到达了北极点。好，今天我们将要讨论对地球另一个极点的探索。我猜你们在读过书中的第三章以后，一定对Emerson和Scott这两个名字不陌生了吧？（尾巴原则）