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托福听力备考:解析IBT修辞题

2012-05-11来源:和谐英语

  出现位置:
  IBT听力中的修辞题通常出现在课堂演讲(lectures)部分,在2个长对话,4个课堂演讲中,一般占5至6题。
  出题形式:
  修辞题通常都是以特殊疑问词开头的特殊疑问句,例如:
  Why does the professor say this?(询问使用了何种修辞手段)
  A: To encourage the students to think about the issue under a bigger context.
  B: To elicit an answer from the students.
  C: To compare two different things figuratively to engage his students.
  D: To describe an imaginative situation.
  How dies the professor illustrate his point about ___? (询问谈话人是如何创造了某种修辞手段的)
  A: by comparing X to Y
  B: by giving an example of X
  Why does the professor say so? (节选了演讲中某一带有修辞用法的部分,让考生回答为什么谈话人用此修辞)
  A: To point out a flaw
  B: To repeat a point
  C: To define an important term
  D: To exemplify a key point
  解题技巧:
  1. 听原文时即可适时判断谈话人的真实意图,谈话人某句讲话修辞手法运用明显之时,往往就是考点出现之处。
  2. 熟悉常用修辞手段,如比喻(又分明喻,暗喻等),夸张,比拟,例证,借代,反问,反复,设问等等。
  3. 注意根据上线问和谈话气氛来综合回答问题,不要脱离主题凭空猜测谈话人的修辞意图。
  举例说明:
  Professor: Through much of the last century, America’s faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.
  Narrator:
  Listen again to a part of the lecture. Then answer the question.
  Professor: …Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.
  Why does the professor say this?
  A: To encourage the students to think about the issue under a bigger context.
  B: To elicit an answer from the students.
  C: To compare two different things figuratively to engage his students.
  D: To describe an imaginative situation.
  解析:
  该题是询问为何使用某种修辞手法。
  从谈话节选段落中我们很容易看出,教授使用的是暗喻的方法。
  该段落大概的意思是:在上个世纪的大部分时间里,美国式民主和自由的信仰如石沉大海,波澜不惊;而今,却如清风拂絮,撒落人间。
  暗喻的方式是为了形成对比,从而激起听者的想象力,活跃课堂谈话的气氛。
  综上所述正确答案为C。
  总之,在把握托福IBT听力修辞题的时候要多多注意材料中出现的修辞方法,例如比喻,夸张,比拟,接待,反问等。排除干扰项,选出正确答案。