托福听力中题干都有哪些表达方式

　　(一)基本信息的理解能力，即Basic Comprehension，这是相对而言最为简单的一种能力考察，因而在听力题目总数中占有半壁江山。该能力主要通过Gist Questions(主旨题)和Detail Questions(细节题)对考生加以考察。

　　What’s the subject/ topic/ main idea/ purpose of the passage/ conversation?

　　What problem does the man have? / What’s the man’s problem?

　　What is the professor mainly discussing?

　　What are the speakers/students mainly discussing?

　　What is the main topic/idea of the lecture/ talk?

　　What’s the speaker’s main point?

　　What is the lecture mainly about?

　　What aspect of ____ does the professor mainly discuss?

　　Why… in the passage?

　　Why does the student visit the professor?

　　Why does the student visit the registrar’s office?

　　Why does the professor ask to see the student?

　　Why does the professor explain X?

　　细节题主要分为一般细节题、图片题和专有名词题三种：

　　1) 一般细节题的常见题干：

　　What is stated/ indicated in the passage/ lecture about…?

　　According to the speaker/professor,______?

　　According to the professor, what is one way that X can affect Y?

　　According to the professor, what is the main problem with the X theory?

　　What does the woman want to know?

　　What does the man suggest the woman do?

　　What happened to ______?

　　What reason is given for_______?

　　What does the professor say about________?

　　How does the professor describe________?

　　How does the professor emphasize her point about________?

　　What______?

　　What are _______?

　　What type_______?

　　What resulted from the invention of the _______?

　　Who_______?

　　Where________?

　　When________?

　　Which________?

　　How________?

　　Why_______?

　　2) 图片题的常见题干：

　　Which picture_______?

　　Select the drawing that shows________?

　　Select the diagram that represents_________?

　　Identify the part of the picture that represents_________?

　　Which area of the diagram illustrates________?

　　3)专有名词题的常见题干：

　　What is a ______?

　　In this conversation, what does_______ mean?

　　According to the speaker, what does _______ mean?

　　How does the speaker define______?

　　(二)关联信息的理解能力，即Connecting Information，这种能力的考察相当重视对文章脉络和上下文关联信息的把握，主要通过Organization Questions(结构题)和Relationship Questions(关联题)实施测试。

　　结构题的常见题干：

　　How does the speaker organize the information that he presents?

　　How does the professor organize the information about ______ that he presents to the class?

　　Which of the following best describes the organization of the lecture?

　　How does the professor develop the topic?

　　How does the professor help the student?

　　How does the instructor clarify her point about_______?

　　How is the discussion organized?

　　How is the information in the passage organized?

　　Why does the professor discuss/ mention _______?

　　特别提醒：结构题的常见答案：

　　l Classify or categorize information 分类信息

　　l Describe causes and effects 描述因果

　　l Describe uses 描述用途

　　l Explain causes/ reasons 解释原因

　　l Give examples/ instructions 举例/指导

　　l Narrate an event 讲述事件

　　l Show differences/ similarities between ideas 指出异同

　　l Summarize a process 总结过程

　　l Trace the history or development 讲述历史或发展过程

　　l Indicate or signal a topic shift 预示话题转移

　　l Connect a main topic to a subtopic 连接主次话题

　　l Provide an introduction or a conclusion 提供介绍或结论

　　l Start a digression 开始离题

　　关联题主要分为推断题、预测题、解释题、是非题、排序题和分类信息题六种：

　　1) 推断题的常见题干汇编：

　　What does the professor/speaker imply about the _____?

　　What will the student probably do next?

　　What is probably true about______?

　　What can be concluded about______?

　　What can be inferred about _____?

　　What can be inferred from the talk?

　　How does the student probably feel?

　　What is the likely outcome of doing procedure X before procedure Y?

　　What does the professor imply when he says this? (replay)

　　2)预测题的常见题干汇编：

　　What will the woman probably do?

　　What will the student probably do next?

　　What will probably happen next?

　　What will the professor probably discuss next?

　　What will the next lecture probably be about?

　　3)解释题的常见题干汇编：

　　What does the professor mean by this statement? (replay)

　　What does the student mean when she say this? (replay)

　　What does the professor imply when he says this? (replay)

　　4)是非题的常见题干汇编：

　　For each sentence, click in the correct box/column：

　　Would the professor most likely agree or disagree with each statement below?

　　Based on the information in the talk, indicate whether each statement below describes_____?

　　Based on the information in the lecture, indicate whether each statement below reflects the ideas of______?

　　5)分类信息题的常见题干汇编：

　　Match each term with the correct definition/classification：

　　Match each type of ______ with the correct description.

　　Which ______ is associated with each ______?

　　Based on the speaker’s description, classify the following ______.

　　Based on the information in the talk, indicate whether each phrase below describes______or ______? (是非题)

　　6)排序题的常见题干汇编：

　　Summarize the process by putting the steps in the correct order：

　　The speaker describes a sequence of events. Put the events in the correct order.

　　The professor briefly describes the process of ______. Determine whether the sentences below are steps in the process.

　　(三)语用信息的理解能力，即Pragmatic Understanding，这是新托福听力中层次最高的能力考察，因而所占比例只有20%-25%，主要通过Function Questions(功能/目的题)和 Stance Questions(态度题)加以测试。比如当你听到It sure is cold in here.你的第一反应永远是字面上的 The temperature here is low.,但在特定环境中，这句话的目的很可能是为了Get you to close the window.

　　功能/目的题主要分为一般功能题、重听题(回放题)和就词组/句式提问题三种。

　　1)一般功能题的常见题干汇编：

　　Why does the student go to see the professor?

　　What is the man’s problem?

　　Why is the woman concerned?

　　What is the main purpose of the conversation/talk/lecture?

　　What is the speaker’s main purpose?

　　2)重听题(回放题)的常见题干汇编：

　　Listen again to part of the passage. Then answer the question：

　　What does the professor imply when he says this? (replay)

　　What can be inferred from the professor’s response to the student? (replay)

　　What is the purpose of the woman’s response? (replay)

　　Why does the student/speaker say this? (replay)

　　3) “就词组/句式提问题”的常见题干汇编：

　　Why does the student say_____?

　　Why does the professor mention______?

　　Why does the instructor talk about_______?

　　Why does the speaker tell a story about______?

　　Why does the speaker ask the class about_______?

　　态度题的常见题干汇编：

　　Listen again to part of the passage，then answer questions:

　　What can be inferred about the student when he says this? (replay)

　　What does the woman mean when she says this? (replay)

　　Select the sentence that best expresses how the speaker feels.

　　What does the speaker mean?

　　What can be inferred about the student?

　　What is the speaker/professor/student’s attitude towards _______?

　　What is the professor’s opinion of _______?

　　What is the professor’s point of view concerning_______?

　　What does the professor think of______?

　　What is the attitude/ opinion/ point of view of the speaker?