如何通过错题诊断学生听力的真正情况

　　听力一直是许多学生头疼的托福单项。相信很多听力老师常常会被问到这样的问题：“老师，我平时TPO练习的不错，很多文章都只错一题，怎么考试的分数这么不理想?” 答案很简单，托福都是选择题，所以做对的题目可能是学生连蒙带猜做对的，也可能是通过排除错误选项做对的，而上了考场运气也许就没这么好了，或者错误选项变难了(“文章感觉都听懂了，但题目好难”—这是最近常听到的学生的抱怨)就没有办法很好的排除错误选项，错的题目自然就多了。所以，下面举两篇非常有代表性的TPO文章，对如何判断学生对问题并“对症下药”做一个分析。

　　两篇文章分别是TPO47 L1 Literature，一篇讲Hugo的文章，难度很大。 第二篇是L3 Sports Management关于如何更好的做教练的文章，内容贴近生活，通俗易懂。下面是两位同学的做题情况：

　　错题量

　　光从错题量上来看，两位同学是一样的，A同学两篇文章各错2题，一共4题;B同学第一篇文章错了3题，第二篇错了1题，加起来也是4题。

　　水平和问题一样吗?

　　答案显然是否定的，A同学的程度其实不如B同学。

　　A同学的表现是：

　　错比较简单的题目，选了容易排除的错误选项，而难题反而做对，说明运气成分比较大。

　　主要问题：基本理解能力还不到位。

　　B同学的表现是：

　　错的基本都是难题，简单题目基本做对。

　　主要问题是：基本理解到位，选题时选项思路没跟上。

　　我们挑选几题进行点评：

　　Lecture1

　　4. Why does the professor mention clowns in plays by Shakespeare?

　　A. To point out that Shakespeare rebelled against neoclassicism ?

　　B. To reinforce the idea that neoclassical plays were sometimes comical

　　C. To introduce an aspect of Hernani that French critics objected to

　　D. To illustrate a characteristic of the plays that influenced Hugo ?

　　Again, earlier works by Shakespeare provided very different models that Hugo found more appealing. Many of Shakespeare’s plays, even the tragedies, contain scenes with ridiculous outlandish characters, like clowns. So that many of the plays have both qualities, a serious dramatic side, and comedic scenes, with the clowns that break the drama.

　　点评：A是常见的错误选项，选这个选项说明对目的题—考段落论证方法、例子的作用的基本思路不到位。没有听到clown这个重复两遍的例子，或把clown论证的对象搞混了。

　　5. Why did Hugo invite his friends to the opening of Hernani?

　　A. To include people in the audience who understand his goals ?

　　B. To introduce them to a new and different kind of play ?

　　C. To try maintain a pleasant, comfortable atmosphere in the theater ?

　　D. To thank them for supporting his efforts as a playwright

　　Now, Hernani was a play that incorporated these romantic conventions. Hugo suspected that neoclassical audiences would be hostile to this new form and the ideas that it represented. So, to protect himself, he rounded up his friends for opening night and hundreds of them came to the theatre that night.

　　点评：这是一道易错题，A和B同学都错了，但A同学所选的选项意思和全文意思是相反的，选择了一个这样的选项，说明文章一个重要意思把握不到位。

　　Lecture 3

　　3. Why does the professor mention pregame meals?

　　A. To emphasize the importance of good nutrient for athletes. ?

　　B. To suggest a good time for coaches to talk about game strategy.

　　C. To point out that coaches often spend too much time on scheduling.

　　D. To give an example of the need for coaches to be more detail oriented. ?

　　Kenny: Excuse me, professor? I know good nutrition is important, but organizing pregame meals, isn’t really something you consider when you thinking about going at the coaching as a career.

　　Pro: No, I guess not, Kenny. But it’s more an example of paying attention to the details, being organized. I do want to emphasize that the profession of coaching is about more than just wins and losses.

　　点评：错选选项同样体现出了没有选出例子的论证论点这个问题，根据听到的一个零散词选。

　　6. Why does the professor say this:

　　A. To insist that the student needs to remember what he has just been told.

　　B. To acknowledge that her suggestion is not very practical. ?

　　C. To emphasize how impressed she is by the student’s achievement. ?

　　D. To imply that the student is not yet ready to begin coaching.

　　Pro: So, congratulations. Ok, well, to get better organized, one thing is take courses in business management, and not just the sports management courses in the physical education department, other business in finance courses. Oh, but wait a minute, you said you were starting next month?What sport will you be coaching?

　　点评：重听题的核心是同一改写，要换一个说法说出说话人的意思，必然就要结合语境context，这是太常出现的考点了。而重听题在第二次放的时候往往不会把context给足，这就要求学生在第一遍听的时候就意识到是重点，竖起耳朵听，加深印象，这一题是典型的师生互动考点。

　　主要问题和建议

　　A同学

　　文章大意理解过关，但是段落大意理解不过关，要着重练习基本细节和常见段落之间逻辑结构，比如举例、对比、否定、重复强调。

　　打好基本功

　　B同学

　　文章大意理解过关，每一段的段落大意基本可以抓住，可惜的是已经听懂的内容所对应的出题点会选错，对选项的意思理解有偏差。

　　注意选项分析，体会出题点和答案思路。

　　总而言之，对学生平时听力练习的分析一定不能只看正确率，一定要具体问题具体分析，究竟是细节理解不到位、文章结构把握不好还是选项理解有问题等等。谨防正确率“虚高”的现象，这样才能在考试中取得稳定的成绩。

　　作者简介：

　　王隽钰，新东方资深教师，教龄超过5000小时，《美国高考核心3000词》编委，新东方第一届北美项目部教师单词大赛亚军，英语功底深厚。深入研究ETS考试思路，科学、个性化的设计课堂教学内容和方式。通过教授科学的语言学习知识、引导学生批判性思维，课程学习结束提升的不仅是分数。

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（编辑：qinjie）