托福听力讲座：历史类考点

　　和谐英语网为同学们整理了托福听力讲座：历史类考点，供考生参考学习。

　　历史类场景常常和其他分支学科产生联络，详细能够从以下几个方面来调查：

　　1. 国度政权或制度体制：如农业的产生，古埃及的女法老等。

　　2. 文化方面：如茶文化历史，戏剧的来源，考古方面等。

　　3. 著名历史人物：如爱默生，意大利画家等。

　　4. 其他话题：历史容易和其他学科产生穿插，如考古和艺术。

　　历史类的话题有一个很大的特性，就是专业词汇较多。很多考生有这样一种觉得，就是仿佛听明白了一些，但一考到细节题就手足无措。也就是说，历史类话题可能呈现较多的专业词汇和细节，考生需慎重。下面我们就几个例子来认真领会一下。

　　托福听力讲座类历史话题案例剖析

　　下面是一个历史话题的经典案例：

　　听力原文：

　　Well, their astronomers had discovered that at a certain time of year the brightest star, Sirius, would disappear. Actually, it’d be hidden in the glare of the Sun. Even more significantly, the reappearance of Sirius would occur around the same time as the Nile’s flooding. And this annual event is called a heliacal rising. The heliacal rising was a fair indicator of when the Nile would flood. The next new moon, after the heliacal rising of Sirius, which happened in the last month of the calendar year, marked the New Year.

　　Why was the helical rising if Sirius important to the Egyptians?

　　Click on 2 answers.

　　A. It helped determine the beginning of the New Year.

　　B. It was used to calculate the length of the month.

　　C. It marked the beginning of harvest time.

　　D. It indicated when the Nile would flood.

　　剖析：

　　此处考的是埃及的历法。在这个节选原文中包含了Sirius(天狼星)，heliacal rising(偕日升)等概念，比拟难以了解，需求考生有较快的反响速度。不少学员在遇到这类话题时会怀有抵触心态，大呼这种难度跟阅读都差不多了。诚然专业度高了解艰难，考生应该认识到一点：ETS的调查目标还是不变的——检验考生的瞬时了解才能和学问储藏的快速激活。在此，要做对这道双选题，要留心粗体信号词;还能够将辨音中听不懂的生疏词转化成笼统符号，搞分明其作用即可。能够看出，Nile和New Year是关键词，故轻松选出AD。

　　下面再看一个例子：

　　听力原文：

　　Now for the taste... Now, this is a good point to mention one of the biggest myths about spices. It’s commonly said that medieval Europeans wanted spices to cover up the taste of spoiled meat. But this isn’t really true. Anyone who had to worry about spoiled meat couldn’t afford spices in the first place. If you could afford spices, you could definitely afford fresh meat. We also have evidence that various medieval markets employed a kind of police to make sure that people did not sell spoiled food, and if you were caught doing it, you were subject to various fines, humiliating public punishments. So what actually was true was this: In order to have meat for the winter, people would preserve it in salt, not a spice. Spices actually aren’t very effective as preservatives.

　　What two factors explain why medieval Europeans did not use spices to cover the taste of spoiled meat?

　　Click on 2 answers.

　　A. Fresh meat was less expensive than spices were.

　　B. Spices were mainly used in incense and perfume.

　　C. The sale of spoiled food was prohibited.

　　D. Salt was cheaper than most spices were.

　　剖析：

　　这里调查的是香料在历史上的角色。背景学问：香料在中世纪的欧洲是十分名贵的东西，只要贵族皇族才干享用得到。缘由诸多，运输昂贵是其中之一。考生若不熟习spice这个单词，能够依据上下文猜想，此处很容易猜出。

　　在这里想强调一下myth的含义。大多数考生对这个词的了解都存在误区。实践上这个词只需考到，普通取“误解”这一含义，而非神话等义。在这里是说，人们用香料腌制坏掉的食物这种了解是错误的，由于人们有钱买香料就有钱买鲜肉，前者的了解自身就有矛盾。同时留意also这个重要并列词，后面引出第二个缘由，所以选AC。

　　托福听力讲座类历史话题考点追踪

　　从上面这个例子能够看出历史话题具有以下特性：

　　1. 细节偏多：可能没有信号词引领，听时要专心致志。

　　2. 信号词：信号词的方式多种多样，可能是单独的词组，也有可能是融汇在句子当中，要及时做好笔记。

　　3. 生疏概念：可先记下首字母，上下文普通会有定义解释或同义词。也能够留意计算机屏幕的提示词能否为这个词。

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