托福听力：细节注意要点

　　和谐英语网为同学们整理了托福听力：细节注意要点，供考生参考学习。

　　1. 提问方式

　　What point does the professor make when he mentions XXX?

　　According to the professor, what have the researchers agreed on?

　　What does the professor say about XXX?

　　2. 解题技巧

　　细节题的出题点比较固定，只要你能听出提示词，抓住相关的大部分内容，那么细节题还是很容易得分的。细节题的出题点大概分为如下几个方面：

　　a) 针对举例的部分进行提问

　　对话或者讲座中的举例一般都是细节题喜欢考察的点。它的提示词要么是for example, for instance, like, in this case这类的连接词，要么是具体的事例的名词。

　　What example does the professor give of a meme’s longevity?

　　l A story has been changing since it first appeared in the 1930s

　　l A person remembers a story for many years

　　l A gene is passed on through many generations without changing

　　l A song quickly becomes popular all over the world

　　这道题是TPO5的第二个讲座的题目。教授的这段话是这样的：

　　First, longevity. A replicator must exist long enough to be able to get copied, and transfer its information. Clearly, the longer a replicator survives, the better its chances of getting its message copied and passed on. So longevity is a key characteristic of a replicator. If you take the alligator story, it can exist for a long time in individual memory, let’s say, my memory. I can tell you the story now or ten years from now, the same with the twinkle, twinkle song. So these memes have longevity because they are memorable for one reason or another.

　　这段话的前半部分介绍的是理论，然后通过这个鳄鱼的故事来解释这个理论。所以这道题的答案也是显而易见的B选项。

　　b) 针对定义和名词解释进行提问

　　在听力中经常会出现一些专有名词，有些专有名词一带而过，有些专有名词会在后面给出解释，如果我们听到带有解释的专有名词，就需要提起注意，因为它可能是一个考点。它的提示词有：it refers to，that is，that means，This is to say，in other words ，in another words等。

　　What started the runway effect that led to the Sahara area of north Africa becoming a desert

　　l the prevailing winds became stronger

　　l the seasonal rains moved to a different area

　　l the vegetation started to die off in large areas

　　l the soil lost its ability to retain rainwater

　　教授是这样说的：

　　What the Sahara experienced was um…a sort of “runaway drying effect”. As I said the monsoon migrated itself, so there was less rain in the Sahara. The land started to get drier, which in turn caused huge decrease in the amount of vegetation, because vegetation doesn’t grow as well in dry soil, right? And then, less vegetation means the soil can’t hold water as well, the soil loses its ability to retain water when it does rain. So then you have less moisture to help clouds form, nothing to evaporate for cloud formation. And then the cycle continues, less rain, drier soil, less vegetation, fewer clouds, less rain etc. etc..

　　教授说完“runaway drying effect”之后，并没有转移话题，而是接着介绍了这个effect的过程到底是什么样的。如果我们能听到“runaway drying effect”之后的解释，那么这道题也可以迎刃而解。

　　c) 针对原因进行提问

　　在听力中，因为考虑到学生的能力，所以句子跟句子之间的逻辑关系没有阅读中那么复杂。因果关系是其中最好表述的一种，所以在听力中也是很常见的。它也是考点之一。前因后果：therefore，consequently，as a consequence，result in，lead to。前果后因：result from，originate from，arise out of。

　　According to the professor, what led scientists to characterize the Nightcap Oak as primitive

　　l it has no evolutionary connection to other trees growing in Australia today

　　l it has an inefficient reproductive system

　　l its flower are located at the bases of the leaves

　　l it is similar to some ancient fossils

　　教授说：

　　Now another interesting thing about the Nightcap Oak is that it represents a very old type kind of tree that grew a hundred million years ago. Um, we found fossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to the tree. So, it’s a primitive tree. A living fossil you might say.

　　我们可以看出，fossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to the treea it’s a primitive tree。本题给出结果，对原因题型提问。所以D选项正确。

　　d) 针对结尾进行提问

　　通常我们在对话或者讲座的结尾都会走神，因为听力持续的时间太长，导致我们在听力快要结束的时候，松一口气的同时，注意力也不能集中在听力上了。但是往往结尾也是考点之一。

　　What is one way the professor mention that can help with art restoration?

　　l By re-creating the pigments and binding agents used by artists of earlier eras

　　l By removing pigments and binding agents that dissolve paintings over time

　　l By creating protective coatings of paint that do not damage original paintings

　　l By developing ways to safely remove paint added by previous restorers

　　教授的最后一句话就是答案：

　　Then if we want to undo some bad restoration attempts, we can determine what kind of process we can use to remove them to dissolve the paint and uncover the original.

　　正确选项是D。在对话中，结尾的位置经常是教授提出建议的位置，或者是教授提出要求的位置。这样就更需要注意他们的内容，因为很大可能会出考题。所以在平时做题的时候，我们要努力克制，一定要听到最后。

　　e) 针对数字，地点，人物进行提问

　　在听力中会有一些数字，地点，人物之类的内容。这些数字，地点，人物本身不重要，重要的是他们之后跟着的内容。所以在听到这些内容的时候，一定要了解他们之后的内容的含义。

　　According to the professor, what were two ways that the situation of women artists had changed by then end of the nineteenth century in Paris? (Click on 2 answers.)

　　l Women and men took art classes together

　　l Women artists played a greater role in the Salon exhibitions

　　l More schools were established by women artists

　　l Fewer women artists were traveling to Paris

　　教授说：

　　Before the late 19 century, if the women who want to become an artist have to take private lessons or learn from family members. They have more limited options than men did. But around 1870s, some artists in Paris began to offer classes for female students. These classes were for women only. And by the end of the 19 century, it became much more common for woman and man to study together in the same classes.

　　By the last two decades of 19 century, one fifth of the paintings in the salon were by woman, much higher than in the past.

　　答案就很显而易见，是AB选项。

　　f) 针对对比，类比或者相似的内容进行提问

　　在讲座中尤其喜欢拿两样事物对比或者类比着说，如果出现这种情况，就需要注意两个事物的各自的特征或者相同的特征，因为这里很可能是考点。

　　What does the professor compare to a housefly laying many eggs?

　　l A child learning many different ideas from her parents

　　l Alligators reproducing in New York sewers

　　l Different people remembering different versions of a story

　　l A person singing the “Twinkle, twinkle” song many times

　　教授说：

　　Next, fecundity. Fecundity is the ability to reproduce in large numbers. For example, the common housefly reproduces by laying several thousand eggs, so each fly gene gets copied thousands of times. Memes, well, they can be reproduced in large numbers as well. How many times have you sung the‘twinkle, twinkle song’ to someone? Each time you replicated the song, and maybe passed it along to someone who did not know it yet, a small child maybe.

　　教授用housefly的例子来说明基因的传递，然后作类比，说明通过给别人唱“小星星”这首歌，文化基因是如何传递的。所以D选项就是我们的正确答案。

　　3. 选项特征

　　细节题一定是原文出现过的内容，他们可能是同义改写，也可能是用原文中的词汇概述答案。所以对于原文中没有出现过的内容，一定是错的。这就是细节题跟推断题之间的区别。

　　托福听力细节题的错误选项有如下几种：

　　a) 原文提到过的内容，但是不在对应的位置。它可能是上一个话题的内容，也可能是下一个话题的内容。这样的选项比较具有迷惑性，容易错选。如果在做笔记的过程中能够分段落进行记载，那么就可以避免这种现象。

　　b) 部分原文中的内容+部分原文中没有提到的内容。这样的选项我们会自动忽略没有出现过的内容，所以在读题的时候一定要仔细。不断的问自己这个信息点到底是否在听力中出现过。

　　c) 完全没有出现过的内容。这种选项一般我们可以直接省略。

　　d) 与原文不符的内容。有些选项会跟原文不符，但是因为他们跟原文的内容太像，太接近，我们又忽略了他们否定的内容，所以在做题过程中也需要注意。

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