2008新托福TOEFL-iBT写作思维训练(一)
2008-10-21来源:
思维训练
A. 审题并确定所给观点哪些可用来支持，那些可用来反对：
Topic 1: In many countries, the size of the average family has gotten smaller in recent years. Describe both the advantages and disadvantages of having a small family.
For Against
1. Parents have the time to give more attention and affection
to each child.
2. Old parents are more likely to be abandoned to live in
homes for senior citizens.
3. Children may be overprotected by their parents, making
them weaker individuals.
4. There is more privacy and fewer interruptions.
5. It is necessary to control the rapid growth of the population.
6. Both parents may go out to work, leaving the child or
children alone or with baby-sitters.
7. parents can more easily afford a better education for their
children.
8. Family decisions are easier to make.
9. It is less fun to be with fewer people.
10. There are fewer family members to help each other in times
of trouble.
Topic 2: Pesticides have been used to control insects which eat or kill food crops, such as rice or orange. Discuss whether you think that the use of pesticides should be allowed or should be stopped. Support your argument with clear examples.
For Against
1. pesticides kill not only bad insects but good insects too.
2. Higher food production is needed for the world’s growing
population.
3. Harmful chemicals in pesticides are dangerous to human
health.
4. The balance of the ecosystem is destroyed.
5. The more pesticides we use, the more we will need as
insects develop immunity to them.
6. We cannot have the perfect fruits and vegetables that we
have been accustomed to.
7. If crops are grown without pesticides, they will be more
expensive to the consumer.
8. If the consumers were made aware of the pesticides used on
food, they would think twice before supporting the use of
pesticides.
9. Without pesticides a farmer might lose a large part or even
all of his or her crop.
10. The thought of seeing produce that has bugs or has been
eaten by bugs is revolting for many consumers.
B. 审题并判断下面的观点哪些与题目相关，那些不相关：
Topic 1: People all over the world spend time watching television. In some countries, watching television has replaced more active pastimes, such as sports or visiting with friends. Discuss whether television watching has had a good or bad effect on society. Provide clear examples to support your opinion.
Opinion: Watching television does more harm than good.
a. Many families fight about which shows to watch.
b. Children see commercials on TV and want their parents to buy them many kinds of toys, videos, and candy.
c. Instead of playing sports, young people just watch them on television.
d. People do not go out of the house because they are afraid of missing their favorite TV shows.
e. People lose interest in their community and what is going on in their neighborhoods. They know the characters in the TV soap operas better than they know their next-door neighbors.
f. My parents watch television every evening.
g. Children watch TV instead of playing outside.
h. Families are beginning to forget how to talk to each other.
i. People eat potato chips when they watch TV.
j. Children watch TV instead of doing their homework.
Topic 2: Some people think that when they have a problem, it is better to ask their parents for advice. Other people think it is better to ask friends. Give your opinion and provide examples.
Opinion: It is best to ask parents for advice.
a. Parents have more experience and know the world better than children do.
b. Friends are the same age, so they understand problems better.
c. Parents always think of their children and their best interests when they give advice.
d. My parents don’t understand my problems.
e. Friends can sometimes have a bad influence.
f. Parents were children and teenagers once, and they understand the problems that young people have.
g. You should see a counselor.
h. Parents don’t understand the problems that their children find in work and school.
i. Parents always want you to be honest with them.
j. You can talk to your friends easily, but some parents are very formal, and it is difficult to begin a conversation with them.
Topic 3: Describe the advantages of planning your career goals.
a. Without proper planning, you will never reach your career goal.
b. In a large corporation, the company officials decide who will be promoted. Therefore, it is not necessary for you to plan your goals.
c. You should always have a primary plan (Plan A) and a secondary plan (Plan B) because sometimes things change and don’t go according to schedule.
d. A career can wait. Your family’s needs should come first.
e. Planning is not necessary because you may change jobs several times in your career.
f. If you have a career plan, you will advance to the top faster than if you don’t have a plan.
g. You may need to get an advanced degree (M.B.A.., Ph.D.) in order to reach your goal. You should plan to get this degree early in your career.
h. If you plan too much, you might miss other opportunities in your life outside your career.
i. Some employers prefer to make their own plans for their employees.
j. Even if you make a careful plan. You may still decide to change your career later.
A. 审题并确定所给观点哪些可用来支持，那些可用来反对：
Topic 1: In many countries, the size of the average family has gotten smaller in recent years. Describe both the advantages and disadvantages of having a small family.
For Against
1. Parents have the time to give more attention and affection
to each child.
2. Old parents are more likely to be abandoned to live in
homes for senior citizens.
3. Children may be overprotected by their parents, making
them weaker individuals.
4. There is more privacy and fewer interruptions.
5. It is necessary to control the rapid growth of the population.
6. Both parents may go out to work, leaving the child or
children alone or with baby-sitters.
7. parents can more easily afford a better education for their
children.
8. Family decisions are easier to make.
9. It is less fun to be with fewer people.
10. There are fewer family members to help each other in times
of trouble.
Topic 2: Pesticides have been used to control insects which eat or kill food crops, such as rice or orange. Discuss whether you think that the use of pesticides should be allowed or should be stopped. Support your argument with clear examples.
For Against
1. pesticides kill not only bad insects but good insects too.
2. Higher food production is needed for the world’s growing
population.
3. Harmful chemicals in pesticides are dangerous to human
health.
4. The balance of the ecosystem is destroyed.
5. The more pesticides we use, the more we will need as
insects develop immunity to them.
6. We cannot have the perfect fruits and vegetables that we
have been accustomed to.
7. If crops are grown without pesticides, they will be more
expensive to the consumer.
8. If the consumers were made aware of the pesticides used on
food, they would think twice before supporting the use of
pesticides.
9. Without pesticides a farmer might lose a large part or even
all of his or her crop.
10. The thought of seeing produce that has bugs or has been
eaten by bugs is revolting for many consumers.
B. 审题并判断下面的观点哪些与题目相关，那些不相关：
Topic 1: People all over the world spend time watching television. In some countries, watching television has replaced more active pastimes, such as sports or visiting with friends. Discuss whether television watching has had a good or bad effect on society. Provide clear examples to support your opinion.
Opinion: Watching television does more harm than good.
a. Many families fight about which shows to watch.
b. Children see commercials on TV and want their parents to buy them many kinds of toys, videos, and candy.
c. Instead of playing sports, young people just watch them on television.
d. People do not go out of the house because they are afraid of missing their favorite TV shows.
e. People lose interest in their community and what is going on in their neighborhoods. They know the characters in the TV soap operas better than they know their next-door neighbors.
f. My parents watch television every evening.
g. Children watch TV instead of playing outside.
h. Families are beginning to forget how to talk to each other.
i. People eat potato chips when they watch TV.
j. Children watch TV instead of doing their homework.
Topic 2: Some people think that when they have a problem, it is better to ask their parents for advice. Other people think it is better to ask friends. Give your opinion and provide examples.
Opinion: It is best to ask parents for advice.
a. Parents have more experience and know the world better than children do.
b. Friends are the same age, so they understand problems better.
c. Parents always think of their children and their best interests when they give advice.
d. My parents don’t understand my problems.
e. Friends can sometimes have a bad influence.
f. Parents were children and teenagers once, and they understand the problems that young people have.
g. You should see a counselor.
h. Parents don’t understand the problems that their children find in work and school.
i. Parents always want you to be honest with them.
j. You can talk to your friends easily, but some parents are very formal, and it is difficult to begin a conversation with them.
Topic 3: Describe the advantages of planning your career goals.
a. Without proper planning, you will never reach your career goal.
b. In a large corporation, the company officials decide who will be promoted. Therefore, it is not necessary for you to plan your goals.
c. You should always have a primary plan (Plan A) and a secondary plan (Plan B) because sometimes things change and don’t go according to schedule.
d. A career can wait. Your family’s needs should come first.
e. Planning is not necessary because you may change jobs several times in your career.
f. If you have a career plan, you will advance to the top faster than if you don’t have a plan.
g. You may need to get an advanced degree (M.B.A.., Ph.D.) in order to reach your goal. You should plan to get this degree early in your career.
h. If you plan too much, you might miss other opportunities in your life outside your career.
i. Some employers prefer to make their own plans for their employees.
j. Even if you make a careful plan. You may still decide to change your career later.
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