新托福TPO 14综合写作详细解析;：回收性砍伐

　　阅读材料：
　　Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy.
　　每年，在美国西北部，森林火灾和一些严重的暴风雨会给森林造成严重的损害。而处理这些灾难造成的损害的方法之一被称为回收性砍伐。回收性砍伐是指把受损地区的已经死亡的树木一走，用作制作木料、胶合板或者其他木材产品。有一些理由让我们相信回收性砍伐无论对于受损的森林还是对于经济发展都是有好处的。
　　First, after a devastating fire, forests are choked with dead trees. If the trees are not removed, they will take years to decompose; in the meantime, no new trees can grow in the cramped spaces. Salvage logging, however, removes the remains of dead trees and makes room for fresh growth immediately, which is likely to help forest areas recover from the disaster.
　　首先，每次森林火灾之后，森林都被死树堵住了。如果不把这些树移走，那么它们需要数年的时间才会腐化。在这个时间里，就不会有新的树木能够在这些狭窄的空间发芽生长了。然而，回收性砍伐则可以把这些死树移走，迅速地位新生的树木提供生长的空间。这样做，有助于帮助森林从火灾中恢复。
　　Also, dead trees do more than just take up space. Decaying wood is a highly suitable habitat for insects such as the spruce bark beetle, which in large numbers can damage live, healthy spruce trees. So， by removing totting wood, salvage logging helps minimize the dangers of insect infestation, thus contributing to the health of the forest.
　　同时，已死的树对森林的损害不仅仅是占用空间。腐烂的木头同时也是昆虫很好的栖息地，比如杉皮甲虫。大量的杉皮甲虫会对健康生长的杉树造成损害。所以，通过移走这些腐烂的木头，回收性砍伐可以降低虫害侵袭的危险，进而保护森林的健康。
　　Third and last, salvage logging has economic benefits. Many industries depend upon the forests for their production, and because of this a fire can have a very harmful effect on the economy. Often, however, the trees that have been damaged by natural disasters still can provide much wood that is usable by industries. Furthermore, salvage logging requires more workers than traditional logging operations do, and so it helps create additional jobs for local residents.
　　最后，回收性砍伐是有经济收益的。很多的产业的产品生产都依赖森林，因而森林大火对于经济的发展是非常有害的。但是，很多时候这些因为自然灾害死亡的树木还是可以能够为工业生产提供很多木材的。而且，回收性砍伐比传统的砍伐活动需要更多的人力，所以这可以为当地居民提供更多的就业机会。
　　阅读部分需要提取的观点是：
　　- Main point: 回收性砍伐对于森林和经济发展都好处
　　- Sub point 1: 可以为新生树木提供生长空间
　　- Sub point 2: 可以避免虫害伤害森林
　　- Sub point 3: 有助于经济发展
　　听力材料：
　　Salvage logging may appear to be an effective way of helping forests recover after a destructive fire or storm, but it can actually result in serious loner-term environmental damage. Its economic benefits are also questionable.
　　回收性砍伐看起来似乎是个帮助森林从破坏性大火或者暴风雨中的损害中恢复的有效方法，但是事实上却会带来长期的环境损失。而它的经济利益也是存疑的。
　　First, cleaning up a forest after a fire or storm does not necessarily create the right conditions for tree growth. In fact, the natural process of wood decomposition enriches the soil and makes it more suitable for future generations of tree. The rapid removal of dead trees can result in soil that lacks the nutrients necessary for growth.
　　首先，在大火或者暴风雨之后的清理并不一定会给树的生长提供合适的生长环境。事实上，树木腐烂的自然过程可以使土壤变得肥沃，更适合以后树木的生长。迅速地移除死去的树木可能会导致土壤确实树木生长所必须的营养物质。
　　Second, it’s true that rotting wood can increase insect population, but is this really bad for the forest? In fact, spruce bark beetles have lived in Alaskan forest for nearly hundred years without causing major damage. And of course dead trees do not provide habitats only for harmful insects. They are also used by birds and other insects that are important contributors to the long-term health of forests. In the long run, therefore, salvage logging may end up doing more harm to forests than harmful insects do.
　　第二，的确那些腐烂的树木会让昆虫的数量增加，但是这就一定对森林不好吗？事实上，杉皮甲虫已经在阿拉斯加森林里生活了近百年，但是从来没有造成严重的灾害。而且，死树不是仅仅为害虫提供栖息地，鸟类和其他昆虫也会居于与此，这些鸟类和昆虫对于森林的长期健康是有利的。因而，从长远看，回收性砍伐最终给森林带来的危害要大于害虫。
　　And third, the economic benefits of salvage logging are small and don’t last very long. In severely damaged forests, much of the lumber can be recovered only by using helicopters and other vehicles that are expensive to use and maintain. Furthermore, jobs created by salvage logging are only temporary and are often filled by outsiders with more experience or training than local residents have.
　　第三，回收性砍伐的经济利益是很微小的而且不具有持久性。在严重受损的森林里，木材必须使用直升飞机或者其他交通工具才能回收，而这些的使用和保养费用都非常昂贵。而且，回收性砍伐提供的工作岗位都是临时的，同时这些工作岗位往往都被受过训练而且富有经验的外地人获得，本地人并不具有竞争力。
　　听力部分需要提取的观点是：
　　- Main point: 回收性砍伐弊大于利
　　- Sub point 1: 回收性砍伐会使森林土壤失去营养
　　- Sub point 2: 回收性砍伐会使鸟类和有益的昆虫失去栖息地，长久看来对森林无益
　　- Sub point 3: 回收性砍伐经济利益很小。