托福写作：七种开头的方式

　　复述原题+表明自己的立场

　　“So long as no laws are broken, there is nothing unethical about doingwhatever you need to do to promote existing products or to create newproducts.”

　　The speaker asserts that in creating and marketing products, companies actethically merely by not violating any laws. Although the speaker’s position isnot wholly insupportable, far more compelling arguments can be made for holdingbusinesses to higher ethical standards than those required by the letter of thelaw.

　　复述原题+指出其复杂性+表明自己的立场

　　Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of anysociety’s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground thatmodern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes.

　　The issue of whether to raze an old, historic building to make way forprogress is a complex one, since it involves a conflict between our interest iNPReserving our culture, tradition, and history and a legitimate need to createpractical facilities that serve current utilitarian purposes. In my view, thefinal judgment should depend on a case-by-case analysis of two key factors.

　　复述原题+指出其暗含假设+表明自己的立场

　　“Clearly, government has a responsibility to support the arts. However, ifthat support is going to produce anything of value, government must place norestrictions on the art that is produced.”

　　The speaker here argues that government must support the arts but at thesame time impose no control over what art is produced. The implicit rationalefor government intervention in the arts is that, without it, cultural declineand erosion of our social fabric will result. However, I find no empiricalevidence to support this argument, which in any event is unconvincing in lightof more persuasive arguments that government should play no part in eithersupporting or restricting the arts.

　　复述原题+适当让步+表明自己的立场

　　“Work greatly influences people’s personal lives—their special interests,their leisure activities, even their appearance way from the work place.”

　　The speaker claims that our jobs greatly influence our personal interests,recreational activities and even appearance. While I agree that the personallives of some people are largely determined by their work, in my view it wouldbe a mistake to draw this conclusion generally. In my observation, the extent towhich occupation influences personal life depends on the nature of the work, andhow central the work is to one’s sense of self.

　　“We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”

　　I believe this statement should be interpreted broadly—to mean that we areinfluenced by the exterior shape of buildings, as well as by the arrangement ofmultiple buildings and by a building’s various architectural and aestheticelements. While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basicpersonality traits, I agree that they can greatly influence our attitudes,moods, and even life styles.

　　提问+作者的观点+表明自己的立场

　　“As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workerswill lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to suchchange should belong to the individual worker, not to government or tobusiness.”

　　As technology and changing social needs render more and more jobs obsolete,who is responsible for helping displaced workers adjustWhile individuals haveprimary responsibility for learning new skills and finding work, both industryand government have some obligation to provide them the means of doing so.

　　表明自己的立场+原因

　　Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish largebureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is toa government.

　　Contrary to the statement’s premise, my view is that businesses are lesslikely than government to establish large bureaucracies, because businesses knowthat they are more vulnerable than government to damage resulting frombureaucratic inefficiencies. My position is well supported by common sense andby observation.

　　创意型开头

　　“As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workerswill lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to suchchange should belong to the individual worker, not to government or tobusiness.

　　As a saying goes, “God helps those help themselves”, which is true in mostcases. But as far as the large numbers of laid-off workers caused by thetechnological and market changes are concerned, I believe the government and thebusiness certainly have an unshakable responsibility to take.