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托福写作中容易混淆的词汇

2015-07-29来源:互联网

  在这里为大家把常见错误主要分为了六个类别:容易混淆的词汇是其中最常见的一种错误。下面就为大家分享托福写作中容易混淆的词汇,希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。

  托福写作词汇常见错误主要的六个类别:容易混淆的词汇、固定搭配问题、表达受中文影响的问题、动词形式不正确以及名词的单复数、冠词的使用及用词与文章风格不符等。

  容易混淆的词汇

  考生由于对形似、意近的词辨别不清,不知道他们各自的具体用法,而在托福写作中出现失误。比如,有的词虽然意思相同,但他们表达同一个意思的程度是不同的;有的英语单词的汉语意思相同,但他们所限定修饰的词、使用的范围或者连接的成分是不同的;有的单词的文体风格不同,有正式和非正式之分。

  要注意自己写文章的总体风格,在正式文体中避免使用非正式的语言。鉴于选词的难度,考生应在平时注意多查词典,注意其中所举得例句,在看英语材料时留心写作词汇的具体使用环境,并摘录一些自己能看明白但说不出的表达。

  1、Original: Bill Gates gives a definite answer that college educationdoescount.

  Revised:Bill Gates gave a definitive answer: college education doescount.

  Definite意思是“明确的”、“一定的”,指意思明确,不会误解;definitive也是“明确”的意思,但往往指“权威性、最后决定的”。此话出自比尔?盖茨之口,体现权威性,故将definite改为definitive。

  2、Original: …people may attend a university orcollege for variousreasons...

  Revised: …people attend university or college for a multitude ofreasons...

  此处将various改为短语a multitude of更为正式,体现人们读大学的原因很多。

  3、Original: The kinds of education that we got on school are formalandintense ones...

  Revised:The kinds of education that we receive at school is formal and oftentimes veryintense.

  不必用kindsof education,直接用education(教育)即可;“受教育”不同get,改为receive;“在学校”不必用atschool;把one去掉,用oftentimesvery intense指出学校教育常常是非常严格的。

  4、Original: They can foster their interests in some fields to makelife morecolorful and meaningful.

  Revised: Theycan even pick up hobbies to make life more colorful andenjoyable.

  Fostertheir interests是“培养兴趣”,此处用pick uphobbies(开始各种各样的兴趣)更为合适;不同的兴趣是我们生活的调味剂,使我们的生活多姿多彩,乐趣无穷,把meaningful换成enjoyable,与colorful搭配更合适。

  5、Original: Needless to say, more employment means more income andless idlelife, so that people can enjoy a better life and make investment intheirfuture.

  Revised:Needless to say, more employment means income and less idle time,so thatpeople can enjoy a better life and invest in their own futures.

  把idle life改为idle time更为合适,表示“闲散时间”;makeinvestment可改为动词invest,与and前的动词enjoy词性一致;人们各自有自己的未来,故将in their future改为in theirown futures。

  6、Original: Another important factor that contributes to the extensionoflife expectancy is the development of medical science.

  Revised:Another imortant factor that contributes to the rise in lifeexpectancy is thedevelopment of medical science.

  “人的寿命的延长”可以表示为life extension,但是如果用life expectancy,则要用the increast of 或therise in life expectancy。

  7、Original: the growth of life span.

  Revised:the rise in/increase of life span.

  Life span意思是“寿命”,growth指“生长,增长”,“寿命的延长”用growth不合适,life span“寿命的延长”可以用risein/increaseof/extension of.

  8、Original: energy saving

  Revised:energy efficiency

  Energysaving一般作定语,此处名词短语“节能”最好用energy efficiency。

  9、Original: with the increasing complicatedness of the job profile

  Revised:with the increasing complexity of the modern jor profile

  Complicatedness意思是“错综复杂”,但是这种错综复杂是有逻辑的;complexity也是“复杂”的意思,但这种复杂是杂乱无辜的,现代的工作情况用complexity较为合适。

  10、Original: Such experience will difinitely be helpful in children'slaterlife.

  Revised:Such experience will benefit them later in life.

  Helpful是“提供帮助”的意思,而benefit是“使…受益”。这里作者想说的是孩子将来的人生会受益于这样的经历,用benefit合适,因为这样的经历不一定能对孩子将来的人生提供什么具体的帮助。

  11、Original: In my submission, people should sometimes do things thattheydo not enjoy doing.

  Revised:Because of these circumstances, I believe it is inevitable thatpeople must dowhat they don't enjoy doing.

  Inone'ssubmission虽然也可以表示某人所持的观点,但是这是一种非常formal(正式)的表述,用在这里和整体文章的风格不太相符。

  12、Original: For no one can promise what will happen in the future, ifyoudon't save some money, an emergency will probably make you a cat on ahotbrick.

  Revised:Because no one can predict the future, if you don't save money anunforeseenemergency can be financially crippling.

  Promise的意思是“承诺、允诺”,用在这里不合适,作者要说的是没有人能与之未来发生的事,应该用predit。还有,作者在这里用了一个惯用语acat on a hot brick,这又有一个错误。第一,这个表述本身有错误,正确的应该是like a cat on hotbricks。第二,这个惯用语的意思是“忐忑不安,如热锅上的蚂蚁“,用在这里意思也不太合适。