托福作文怎样吸引考官注意？文学大师给你支招！

　　OG对于托福写作中开头段的解释是这样的：

　　It makes the reader want to read the essay.

　　It tells the overall topic of the essay.

　　It tells the main idea of the essay.

　　这三个特点中，第一个就是对趣味性的强调，虽然这点并不像后两点那么关键和不可或缺，但它对于那些想冲击写作高分的同学来讲却是一个很好的突破策略，试想如果在文章开篇就可以最大程度上调动考官的兴趣，肯定从整体上为你的文章加分。

　　而很多文学作品本身对于开头都是极其重视，毕竟如果读者连你的开头都不下去，那消耗他们更多的时间去读完整本书就是不可能的。我们也可以从这些作品中借鉴开篇的风格和写法，从而为我们的写作提供素材和灵感。

　　1 dramatic statement

　　第一种文学作品中用到开头引入方法叫做dramatic statement，也就是用一个非常戏剧性的开篇来冲击读者的感官，将读者从平淡的柴米油盐的日常生活中唤醒，同时也极大地调动读者的好奇心，促使他们读完文章的剩余部分。

　　比如加缪在《异乡人》中，是这样开篇的：“Mother died today. Or maybe, yesterday; I can't be sure”。

　　读者用母亲的死亡的开头做为话题引入，一方面使得读者从情绪上为之一振，勾起读者本身的好奇心，让他们想要去了解母亲过世背后的故事以及其后续的进展，另一方面也奠定了文章本身的深沉的基调。

　　而我们也可以在托福写作过程中运用dramatic statement作为开篇来调动读者的情绪和兴趣，比如对于这个题目：When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, the students learn much more effectively than when they are asked to work alone on projects.这个题目本身在讨论teamwork，我们就可以通过一些戏剧性的点，作为引入技巧：

　　There are no superheroes in this real world. Great projects cannot be accomplished just by one person alone, no matter how capable s/he is. We need teamwork to achieve our goals in every single professional field of the society because only by working with others can we have a chance to overcome our limits and achieve something significant. If there`s a project assigned by teacher, without any doubt, I would choose to cooperate with other students to accomplish that project.

　　2 quotation

　　另外一种常用开头引入方法叫做quotation，利用一句哲理性的引言来引入要讨论的话题，通过利用更有经验性引言的引入，不仅可以增加趣味性和哲思性，同时好比“站在巨人的肩膀”一样，从而提高本身的论证高度和说服力。

　　比如F. Scott Fitzgerald在《The great Gatsby》的开头就是利用主角叔叔的告诫作为开头：

　　In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since. Whenever you feel like criticising any one, he told me, “ just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.”

　　在托福独立写作中，我们也可以通过这种方法进行引入，比如对于此题：To improve the quality of education, universities should spend more money on salaries for university professors.我们就可以通过Mandela对于教育的引言引入。

　　Nelson Mandela once said, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” In recent years, more and more attention was paid to how to improve the quality of the university`s education. A suggestion has been put forward that more money should be spent on salaries for university professors in order to improve the quality of education, which I totally agree with.