托福写作：文体恰当

　　1. 少用Be动词等静态词

　　A common characteristic of developing countries is an inadequate supply of food. Inadequate food supply is the leading cause of malnutrition. Malnutrition is the condition in which the immune system is weakened and resistance to disease is lowered. There are over 500 million children in developing countries who are malnourished. As a result, one is seven is dead before the age of five. Due to this high rate of infant mortality, in some societies naming of children is a ceremony that is not performed until the child has survived for some specified period of time.

　　Developing countries characteristically lack adequate food supplies. This inadequacy causes malnutrition, which wakens the immune system and lowers resistance to disease. Over 500 million children in developing countries suffer from malnutrition. As a result, one in seven dies before the age of five. Due to this high rate of infant mortality, some societies postpone naming children until the child has survived for some specified period.

　　2. 少用被动语态

　　Last year it was recommended by the student government that a board of review be created so that students would be given a greater voice in campus governance. The proposal was accepted by the faculty, the president, and the board of trustees. A nine-member board of review was authorized, to be elected by students and faculty. College policies are reviewed by the board and, if they are determined to be inconsistent with the basic purpose of the college, must be revised unless the board’s decision is vetoed by the president.

　　Last year the student government recommended that the school create a board of review to give students a greater voice in student governance. The faculty, the president, and the board of trustees accepted the proposal and authorized a nine-member board of review, elected by faculty and students. The board reviews college policies to determine whether any are inconsistent with the basic purpose of the college. The college must revise any policy the board recommends, unless the president vetoes the board’s decision.

　　3. 使用正规文体

　　(1) don’t, mustn’t, he’s, I’ve

　　do not, must not, he is, I have

　　(2) You never know what new measures the President will have.

　　One never knows what new measures the President will take.

　　(3) Who is the secretary talking with?

　　With whom is the secretary talking?

　　(4) I think it’s a good idea.

　　I think that it is a good idea.

　　(5) Anyone can take a brochure if they want it.

　　Anyone can take a brochure if he or she wants it.

　　(everybody, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody)

　　(6) The old lady treated him as if he was her own son.

　　The old lady treated him as if he were her own son.

　　(7) The team was badly defeated in the match, and they returned in low spirits.

　　Badly defeated in the match, the team returned in low spirits.

　　(8) Africa is the second largest continent. It is about three times as large as China.

　　Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.

　　(9) He was eager to finish the work, so he continued to do it until midnight.

　　Eager to finish the work, he continued to do it until midnight.

　　(10) She has experienced love, grief, hate and happiness.

　　She has experienced love and hate, grief and happiness.

　　(11) begin—commence; deep—profound; lucky—fortunate; end—terminate;

　　begin or continue—proceed; raise-elevate; unnecessary—gratuitous;

　　clear—explicit; same-identical; learned-erudite; try-endeavor;

　　queer or strangeeccentric

　　(12) go on—continue; look into—investigate; come across—meet; turn out—produce

　　put up with—bear or endure; get away—leave

　　(13) photo—photograph; ad—advertisement; bike—bicycle; pop—popular

　　Gym—gymnasium/gymnastics

　　(14) lousy—bad, terrible; mighty—very, extremely; neat, cool—fine, pleasant;

　　in hot water—in trouble; make a hit—succeed in doing something;

　　make a big deal about something—exaggerate the seriousness of something

　　talk someone’s head off—speak too much

　　4. 散句与圆周句

　　If we wish to remain free, if we mean to maintain justice, if we hope to be esteemed throughout the world, we must be prepared to defend, whenever it is threatened, the liberty of each individual citizen.

　　With the trumpets of blaring, the drums booming, and the children screaming their wild delight, the marchers passed in review.

　　We have done our best, although our dreams have now faded, our efforts have proved fruitless, and we have tasted the bitterness of defeat.

　　Even though the day was bright and sunny, and children played near the gate, unaware of what had happened there twenty-five years ago, most of the adult visitors at the site could still feel the unutterable terror of the place.

　　Everyone was laughing, despite the fact that our car had a flat tire, and it had started to rain, and some large black ants were devouring our picnic lunch.