托福阅读考前点睛系列(五)：细节题

　　在新托福考试当中，阅读是第一个部分，一共会考到3篇或者4篇文章，每篇文章700-800字左右，每篇文章之后会有13-14个题目。很多同学面对这样托福阅读文章，感觉无从下手，甚至有时即使看懂了文章，题目也无法选对，那么应该如何应对这种情况呢?在这个系列中，给大家就托福阅读的具体解题技巧进行剖析讲解，作为考前冲刺，给大家考试助力，点睛指导!

　　本期主要接上期继续介绍新托福考试新题型之句子插入题，以及第五种题型，细节题：

　　再来看一道题目，

　　■ Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills.■ Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills.■ In fact, tunas must swim to breathe.■They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.

　　Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

　　Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water.

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.

　　解题思路：此题的带插入句子当中并没有代词，这时我们可以根据关联词来解答题目。带插入句子当中的Consequently(结果是...)可以给我们暗示。带插入句子的含义为：结果是，tunas(金枪鱼)不需要吸水。那么该句子的前方应该在陈述关于导致金枪鱼不需要吸水的内容。此题正确答案选C。在第三个空格之前的这句话：...they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. (金枪鱼失去了像其他鱼类的嘴里所拥有的一块肌肉，这块肌肉用于吸水和从腮里排水。)既然已经失去了这块用来吸水的肌肉，那么自然紧接着陈述，其结果，即金枪鱼不再需要吸水。

　　V 细节题 Factual Information questions

　　细节题是托福考试当中题量最大的一种题型，主要是对原文的事实信息进行提问来考察学生的信息检索能力和阅读能力，并且所有的选项都会出现原文的信息来对考生进行干扰。例如：

　　The muscles of these fishes and the mechanism that maintains a warm body temperature are also highly efficient. A bluefin tuna in water of 7°C (45°F) can maintain a core temperature of over 25°C (77°F). This warm body temperature may help not only the muscles to work better, but also the brain and the eyes. The billfishes have gone one step further. They have evolved special "heaters" of modified muscle tissue that warm the eyes and brain, maintaining peak performance of these critical organs.

　　10. According to paragraph 9, which of the following is true of bluefin tunas?

　　○Their eyes and brain are more efficient than those of any other fish.

　　○Their body temperature can change greatly depending on the water temperature.

　　○They can swim in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.

　　○They have special muscle tissue that warms their eyes and brain.

　　做细节题的第一步就是“定位”，要找到原文答案所在的区间。题干中问到“bluefin tunas”，我们回到原文，找到定位句：…A bluefin tuna in water of 7°C (45°F) can maintain a core temperature of over 25°C (77°F)…，即蓝鳍金枪鱼可以在低于自己体温(25°C)的水温(7°C)中生活，所以正确答案选择第三个。而其它干扰选项在原文均有出现，但是并不属于题干所问内容。