托福阅读考前点睛系列(八)：作者目的题

　　在新托福考试当中，阅读是第一个部分，一共会考到3篇或者4篇文章，每篇文章700-800字左右，每篇文章之后会有13-14个题目。很多同学面对这样托福阅读文章，感觉无从下手，甚至有时即使看懂了文章，题目也无法选对，那么应该如何应对这种情况呢?在这个系列中，给大家就托福阅读的具体解题技巧进行剖析讲解，作为考前冲刺，给大家考试助力，点睛指导!

　　这里我们继续介绍新托福的另外一种题型：作者目的题

　　Rhetorical Purpose questions目的题

　　• 目的题的提问方式一般为：

　　• Why does the author mention/include/use …?

　　• The author …in order to …

　　• The author uses the example to ?

　　• …for … purpose?

　　这种题目一般问的是作者举某个例子，说某句话的目的是什么，判断好题干是第一步。一般的阅读文章的思路，作者在举例子的时候的主要目的都是为了证明自己的观点，所以在做这类题目的时候，真正的解题关键在于，所问例子前方的观点，我们来看一道例题：

　　The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about "obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines." With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community. Unlike artisan workshops in which apprentices worked closely with the masters supervising them, factories sharply separated workers from management. Few workers rose through the ranks to supervisory positions, and even fewer could achieve the artisan’s dream of setting up one’s own business. Even well-paid workers sensed their decline in status.

　　4. In paragraph 4, the author includes the quotation from a mill worker in order to

　　○Support the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to working in factories

　　○To show that workers sometimes quit because of the loud noise made by factory machinery

　　○Argue that clocks did not have a useful function in factories

　　○Emphasize that factories were most successful when workers revealed their complaints

　　题目问，作者为什么引用工人的话。工人的话“One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about "obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines."”在文章的第三句出现，作为和例子一样的目的，来支持本段的观点句，即第一句，The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily.(第一代经历这些变化的人没有轻易的适应新的观点)。所以正确选项应该为观点句的同义替换。正确答案选择A，即支持一种观点，对于工人来说很难调整在工厂工作。B选项里面的工人退出(workers sometimes quit)没有提到，C选项里面的clocks did not have a useful function(钟表不能发挥有效作用)不对，最后D选项里面说到当工人抱怨的时候工厂最成功，显然是不正确的。