2014托福考试阅读模拟试题训练（7）

　　PARAGRAPH 1

　　For years historians have sought to identify crucial elements in the eighteenth-century rise in industry, technology, and economic power Known as the Industrial Revolution, and many give prominence to the problem of energy. Until the eighteenth century, people relied on energy derived from plants as well as animal and human muscle to provide power Increased efficiency in the use of water and wind helped with such tasks as pumping, milling, or sailing. However, by the eighteenth century, Great Britain in particular was experiencing an energy shortage. Wood, the primary source of heat for homes and industries and also used in the iron industry as processed charcoal, was diminishing in supply. Great Britain had large amounts of coal; however, there were not yet efficient means by which to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery. This was to occur with progress in the development of the steam engine.

　　1、Why does the author provide the information that "Great Britain had large amounts of coal"?

　　To reject the claim that Britain was facing an energy shortage in the eighteenth century f

　　To explain why coal rather than other energy resources became the primary source of heat for homes and industries in eighteenth-century Britain

　　To indicate that Britain’s energy shortage was not the result of a lack of fuel

　　To explain why coal mining became an important industry in nineteenth-century

　　2、What was "the problem of energy" that had to be solved to make the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century possible?

　　Water and wind could not be used efficiently.

　　There was no efficient way to power machinery.

　　Steam engines required large amounts of coal, which was in short supply.

　　Neither humans nor animals were strong enough to provide the power required for industrial application.

　　PARAGRAPH 2

　　In the late 1700s James Watt designed an efficient and commercially viable steam engine that was soon applied to a 1 variety of industrial uses as it became cheaper to use. The engine helped solve the problem of draining coal mines of groundwater and increased the production of coal needed to power steam engines elsewhere. A rotary engine attached to the steam engine enabled shafts to be turned and machines to be driven, resulting in mills using steam power to spin and weave cotton. Since the steam engine was fired by coal, the large mills did not need to be located by rivers, as had mills that used water- driven machines. The shift to increased mechanization in cotton production is apparent in the import of raw cotton and the sale of cotton goods. Between 1760 and 1850, the amount of raw cotton imported increased 230 times. Production of British cotton goods increased sixtyfold, and cotton cloth became Great Britain’s most important product, accounting for one-half of all exports. The success of the steam engine resulted in increased demands for coal, and the M consequent increase in coal production was made possible as the steam-powered pumps drained water from the ever-deeper coal seams found below the water table.

　　3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a development in cotton mills brought about by Watt’s steam engine?

　　The importing of huge quantities of raw cotton by Britain

　　Increased mechanization

　　More possibilities for mill location

　　Smaller mills

　　4、The phrase "apparent in" in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　clearly seen in

　　aid in

　　associated with

　　followed By

　　5、According to paragraph 2, what was Britain’s most important export by 1850?

　　Raw cotton

　　Cotton cloth

　　Steam-powered pumps

　　Coal

　　6、The word "consequent" in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　resulting

　　encouraging

　　well documented

　　immediate

　　7、What is the role of paragraph 2 in the passage as a whole?

　　It explains how by increasing the supply of raw materials from other countries, British industries were able to reduce costs and increase production.

　　It explains how the production of mechanical energy and its benefits spread quickly across countries that were linked commercially with Great Britain.

　　It demonstrates why developments in a single industry could not have caused the Industrial Revolution.

　　It illustrates why historians have assigned igreat importance to the issue of energy in the rise of the Industrial Revolution.