托福阅读中总结类型题目分析
官方指导:
These items measure your ability to understand and recognize the major ideas and the relative importance of information in a passage. You will be asked to select the major ideas in the passage by distinguishing them from minor ideas or ideas that are not in the passage. The correct answer choice will synthesize major ideas in the passage. Because the correct answer represents a synthesis of ideas, it will not match any particular sentence from the passage. To select the correct answer, you will need to create a mental framework to organize and remember major ideas and other important information. Understanding the relative importance of information in a passage is critical to this ability. In a Prose Summary question, you will be given six answer choices and asked to pick the three that express the most important ideas in the passage. Unlike the Basic Information questions, each of which is worth just one point, a Prose Summary question can be worth either one or two points depending on how many correct answers you choose. If you choose no correct answers or just one correct answer, you will earn no points. If you choose two correct answers, you will earn one point. If you choose all three correct answers, you will earn two points. The order in which you choose your answers does not matter for scoring purposes.
根据新托福官方给出的官方指导,总结出以下这些Summary做题技巧。
1. 这种题型的考点是让学生找出三个Main Points(Ideas),而不是找出哪三个是对的,哪三个是错的。
2. 三个错误答案有两种可能性,一种是文章的Minor Ideas,也就是说是小细节。而另外一种错误的可能性就是文章中压根没有提到。从真实考试情况来看,第二种情况出现的可能性比较小。
3. 做这种题目的时候必须对文章的结构、脉络和框架非常熟悉,否则这个时候又要通读文章了。那么怎么对文章熟悉呢?我们发现Summary题型是最后一种题型,因此在做之前所有四选一题型的时候是按照文章顺序分布的,因此建议考生在做单选题的时候一定要认真,文章要看明白,否则做最后的大题目的时候就麻烦了。
4. 从分值来看,这种题型占到2分,选对3个Main Ideas才能够答对2分。选对2个得1分。只选对一个或者一个都没有选对得0分。其实从分值和6选3的概率来看,全部做对和全部做错的可能性都是很低的。从大量的考生分数来看,得一分的情况比较多。也就是说,在考生对全文内容不熟悉的情况下,凭着对着文章主旨的了解来做选择,在6题中做对2题的情况比例非常高。因此,我们可以这样说,只要对文章主旨完全吃透,另外在做四选一的题目时对每个段落的内容有大致的了解,得2分的可能性还是很大的。
5. 三个正确答案的顺序无关紧要,也就是说在考试中鼠标拖动答案到答题框中的顺序不影响最终的评判结果,此时不需要把这个三个正确答案按照文章中出现的顺序来排列,而是只需要把三个正确答案选出即可。
6. 从过往的真题来看和官方指导来看,正确答案是对一个段落或者文章的总结,而错误答案往往是文章中某一种特定的句子。因此辨别正确错误答案的标志非常明显,考生在练习时要注重辨别这一点。
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