托福阅读：TPO2(Early Cinema)原文及答案

　　Paragraph 6: With the advent of projection, the viewer's relationship with the image was no longer private, as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope, which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photographic cards instead of on strips of celluloid. It suddenly became public-an experience that the viewer shared with dozens, scores, and even hundreds of others. At the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule peepshow dimensions of 1 or 2 inches (in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet.

　　8. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 6 as one of the ways the Mutoscope differed from the Kinetoscope?

　　Sound and motion were simultaneously produced in the Mutoscope.

　　More than one person could view the images at the same time with the Mutoscope.

　　The Mutoscope was a less sophisticated earlier prototype of the Kinetoscope.

　　A different type of material was used to produce the images used in the Mutocope.

　　9. The word it in the passage refers to

　　The advent of projection

　　The viewer's relationship with the image

　　A similar machine

　　Celluloid

　　10. According to paragraph 6, the images seen by viewers in the earlier peepshows, compared to the images projected on the screen, were relatively

　　Small in size

　　Inexpensive to create

　　Unfocused

　　Limited in subject matter

　　11. The word expanded in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　Was enlarged

　　Was improved

　　Was varied

　　Was rejected

　　Paragraph 3: ■Exhibitors, however, wanted to maximize their profits, which they could do more readily by projecting a handful of films to hundreds of customers at a time (rather than one at a time) and by charging 25 to 50 cents admission. ■About a year after the opening of the first Kinetoscope parlor in 1894, showmen such as Louis and Auguste Lumiere, Thomas Armat and Charles Francis Jenkins, and Orville and Woodville Latham (with the assistance of Edison's former assistant, William Dickson) perfected projection devices. ■These early projection devices were used in vaudeville theaters, legitimate theaters, local town halls, makeshift storefront theaters, fairgrounds, and amusement parks to show films to a mass audience.■

　　12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

　　When this widespread use of projection technology began to hurt his Kinetoscope business, Edison acquired a projector developed by Armat and introduced it as “Edison’s latest marvel, the Vitascope."

　　Where would the sentence best fit?

　　13. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

　　The technology for modern cinema evolved at the end of the nineteenth century.

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　　Answer Choices

　　1. Kinetoscope parlors for viewing films were modeled on phonograph parlors.

　　2. Thomas Edison's design of the Kinetoscope inspired the development of large screen projection.

　　3. Early cinema allowed individuals to use special machines to view films privately.

　　4. Slide-and-lantern shows had been presented to audiences of hundreds of spectators.

　　5. The development of projection technology made it possible to project images on a large screen.

　　6. Once film images could be projected, the cinema became form of mass consumption.