托福阅读:遇到生词如何处理
一、猜词方法一:利用上下文线索猜测词义。
案例:Today's teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their_______ grandparents.
A. freethinking
B. traditional
C. old D. happy
分析:traditional与liberal意思相反,故选B。
▲ 2.根据托福阅读题材中句意或段落文章的上、下文猜测词义。
案例:Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those whodisliked playing
together with them or laughed at them.
A. discouraged B. ashamed
C. tired D. separated
分析:根据下文的disliked playing together with them判断此处应为"感到孤立",故选D。
此法包括利用前、后缀及合成词猜测词义。
▲ 1. 用前、后缀猜测词义。
英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多,并且特定的前缀、后缀往往表示特定的含义,把握住这一点,可起到“以不变应万变”的效果。
案例:He had been overworking and fell ill at last.
分析:overwork是由前缀over加动词构成,over有“超过,过于”之意,overwork意思是“工作过多,劳累过度”。再如,overburden负担过重,overcharge要价过高,overdo做得过分。
● 英语中常用的前缀还有:
mis-错误:misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当
mid-中央:midnight半夜;midway半路
under-低于:underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估
anti-反对:antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂
● 下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词:
1) You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的标志)
2) The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志,再如realize,modernize)
▲ 2.利用合成词猜测词义。
案例:Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening,and everyone partakes in for fun.
分析:根据短语构成及上下文意思看,此处partakes in相当于takes part in。
● 再如break out-outbreak(名词“爆发”),set out-outset(名词“起始”),comein-income(名词“收入”)
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