如何提升托福阅读的答题正确率
(一)、没有掌握一些熟词的生僻含义。
(二)、缺乏分析长难句结构的能力。
举例说明:
There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered roomsa real rarity will be found amongst piles of assorted junk that litter thefloor.
该句是由两个that引导的从句,分别充当hope的同位语从句和piles of assortedjunk的定语从句。第一个由that引起的同位语从句,是由一段地点状语“in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disorderedrooms”来展开全句的,其主句的语态是一个由a realrarity做主语的被动语态。全句可以翻译如下:人们还常常幻想在发霉、阴暗、无序的迷宫般店堂里,从杂乱地堆放在地面上的、各式各样的垃圾中淘到一件稀世珍品。
我们再来看一下这个句子,它是这样写的:
In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those (whom)they consider their equals from that which they assume with people (whom) theyconsider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale.
Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, inthat she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day,she was extremely difficult to please.
托福阅读文章中曾出现过一个典型的长句。其难度更胜GRE:In everyday life, people tend to have adifferent approach to those they consider their equals from that which theyassume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the socialscale.
句子的主干为people tend to have a different approach fromthat,其中that为代词,指代approach,此处译为“方式”最为贴切,因此主干的意思很简单:“人们倾向于采用一种方式,与其它方式不同。”
句子开头为Though引起的状语,动词pursue的宾语是一个由what引起的名词性从句,在插入了一个非常书面的inthat(意思相当于since)引起的从句之后,终于出现了主句she was extremely difficult toplease。这种一步步将句子意思推向高潮的写法就是英文中非常有气势的“圆周句”,直到句子的末尾,作者最终的意思才被揭晓。全句可以这样理解:“(尽管)姑妈对待佣人们的做法在当时那个年代算是开明的,(因为她)从不让佣人们每天干活超过8个小时,但佣人们还是很难让她感到满意。”
代词that后紧跟which引导的从句充当that,即theapproach的定语。此外,句中还有两个省略了whom的定语从句,将之补全如下:
全句直译如下:在日常生活中,人们用一种方式对待他们认为与自己社会地位同等的人,而用另一种的方式去对待他们认为比自己社会地位高或低的人。
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