托福阅读解题方法之排除列举题
托福阅读中有几种题型是设计是一定会花费你相对较多时间的,而排除列举题就是其中的一种。其本质其实也是细节题,只是与细节题刚好相反,细节题是选出唯一正确的选项,而排除列举题需要做的则是选出唯一错误的那个选项。
排除列举题也有两种基本的解题技巧,一是根据关键词去原文中定位,二是通过选项到原文中定位排除。
第一,根据关键词去原文中定位。排除列举题在原文中一般是有并列结构存在的,因此我们首先选用的方法是根据题干中的关键词去原文定位,看看是否有并列存在。并列分两种情况,第一种是在原文中并列列举,如including A, B, C andD。第二种是在原文中分散列举,如first...second....third....;或者.....moreover/inaddition......,当你发现有moreover或者inaddition这样的字眼时,就要知道在这之前肯定还有别的并列内容,在原文找到这些并列内容之后,就可以跟选项一一对应,选出原文没有提到的,或者与原文相反的,或者虽然是原文提到的正确信息但是答非所问的选项。下面我们就来具体看一个具体的托福阅读题例子。
Paragraph 3: The samething happens to this day, though on a smaller scale,wherever a sediment-ladenriver or stream emerges from a mountain valley ontorelatively flat land,dropping its load as the current slows: the water usuallyspreads out fanwise,depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shapedslope. Sedimentsare also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or thesea, thedeposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, butwill belocated inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the landrises;such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.
6. All of the followingare mentioned in paragraph 3 as places thatsediment-laden rivers can deposittheir sediments EXCEPT
A: Mountain Valley
B: Flat land
C: Lake floor
D: The seafloor
解析:首先根据题干中的关键词sediment-laden定位至原文第一句说river or stream emerges from amountain valley,说明a mountain valley是河流的发源地而不是积累沉淀的地方,因此直接就可以选出A。后面说了emerges from...onto relatively flat land, dropping its load,即是将load留在了flatland上,对应选项B;接着下一句说also dropped说明后面紧跟的也是河流积累沉淀的地方,the deposited sediments are ona lake floor or the seafloor,说明沉淀也会留在lake floor或者sea floor,分别对应选项C和D。
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