托福阅读词汇“An unknown goddess”

　　Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on theAegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in anancient city on the promontory of AyiaIrini. The city at one time must have beeNPRosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses – often threestoreys high – were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifullydecorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a greatmany clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.

　　The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worshipfrom the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room ofthe temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of theserepresented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statuewas found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing headhappened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have beenfound in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and preciouseven then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazedto find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood(was) three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing afull-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was verygraceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discoverher identity.

　　1.explore 探索: To search for discovery; examine

　　形近词

　　explode 爆炸

　　exploit 开发,利用

　　expedite 加速,迅速的

　　expedition 探险

　　词组例句

　　explore outer space 太空勘探

　　explore every possibilities 系统地研究每一个可能性

　　explore ancient temple 考察古庙

　　The archaeologists are exploring the cave.

　　2.prosperous 繁荣的(修饰经济)

　　successful or thriving, esp. financially

　　同/近义词

　　wealth 富有的

　　flourishing 兴旺的,繁茂的

　　thriving 兴隆的

　　booming 火的迅猛发展的

　　adequate 充足的

　　词组例句

　　Our finance is prosperous.我们的经济是繁荣的。

　　a prosperous new business 一家成功的新公司

　　a prosperous family 富裕的一家

　　a prosperous moment to make a decision 做决定的有利时机

　　3.civilization 文明

　　常用词组：enjoys a high level of civilization 享有高度的文明

　　4.worship 崇拜(非理性的): admire; respect

　　admire 敬佩

　　respect 尊敬

　　warship 军舰战船

　　例句

　　Who do you worship in the world?

　　5.sacred 宗教的，神圣的(可修释职业)是指献给上帝或神的事物，因为是神圣的，不容亵渎，指普遍视为神圣不可侵犯的东西

　　同/近义词

　　Divine神圣的：侧重于神性，在现在英语中指绝妙或非人世所有的事物

　　a divine punishment.上天的惩罚

　　expect to divine the future

　　mystic神秘的

　　blessed神佑的

　　religions宗教的

　　solemn 庄严的，庄重的

　　holy神圣的，圣洁的与sacred 替换

　　词组

　　sacred music圣乐

　　sacred promise神圣的诺言

　　6.classic adj.精典的,第一流 n.杰作,经典之作

　　形近词

　　classical古典的(未必精)

　　eg. classical music古典音乐

　　classical education人文科学教育

　　This is the classic example of love at the first sight.

　　7.construct(抽象虚的)比较正式，有技术较高，较复杂的结构，规模较大，抽象+具体

　　build /put up (实体的)建设

　　erect: (build high buildings) 侧重对高而垂直的东西建造，不如build广泛

　　eg. erect monument 建造纪念碑

　　erect clock tower建造钟楼

　　set up : set up a union 建造，侧重于开始

　　establish: establish a school 侧重稳固的建成，有“建立”的意思，建立学校体系等

　　found: found a country 侧重于建好基础，具体抽象皆可

　　词组

　　construction of socialism社会主义建设

　　construct a sentence

　　construct a broken statuary

　　8. rest … on 搭在…上

　　eg. Her eyes rest on the picture.

　　rest with +sb由某人决定

　　eg. This great decision rests with your mother.

　　9. hip n.[口]在服用兴奋剂,宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人;消息灵通人士;

　　adj.通晓的，见闻广的

　　例句

　　Mary is a real hip.

　　The guy isn’t a hip.那个家伙什么都不懂.

　　常用词组

　　Joined at the hip [口]交情极厚的

　　eg.This two are joined at the hip.

　　Shoot from the hip信口开河

　　eg. Sorry,I said that I shouldn’t have shot from the hip.

　　10.graceful 优雅的(修饰长相体态)

　　同/近义词

　　Elegant 优雅的(修饰举止behavior)

　　gentle 温柔的

　　naive 可爱的

　　tender: Someone or something that is tender expresses gentle and caringfeelings

　　Tender is the night 夜色温柔菲茨杰拉德

　　菲茨杰拉德(F.ScottFitzgerald)(1896——1940)，著名美国小说家。从1920年开始创作，以《人间天堂》一举成名。他的小说生动地反映了20年代“美国梦”的破灭，展示了大萧条时期美国上层社会“荒原时代”的精神面貌。直到1944年去世时，他仍在创作《最后一个大亨》。在他有限的创作生涯里，推出了包括《人间天堂》《伟大的盖茨比》《夜色温柔》等多部长篇小说和150篇短篇小说。

　　菲茨杰拉德在圣保罗从小就被以美国贵族的养成方式培养长大，但是他写作的主要动力却来自高度浪漫的想象。他创造力最旺盛的时期是美国历史上一个特殊的年代。第一次世界大战结束了，经济大萧条还没有到来，传统的清教徒道德已经土崩瓦解，享乐主义开始大行其道。用菲茨杰拉德自己的话来说，“这是一个奇迹的时代，一个艺术的时代，一个挥金如土的时代，也是一个充满嘲讽的时代。”菲茨杰拉德称这个时代为“爵士乐时代”，他自己也因此被称为爵士乐时代的“编年史家”和“桂冠诗人”。

　　练习：

　　1.They have tried their best to protect the _______ of the city wall.

　　a. remains b. remain c.remainder

　　remains 废墟;遗迹;遗体。此词必须用复数形式，但其动词有时可以用单数形式。

　　Eg. The remains of the supper were/was taken away.

　　2.________ his great age, the old man still helps the family at harvesttime.

　　a. Although b. Despite c. In spite

　　Although + 从句;

　　Despite + 名词短语

　　In spite of 才为常用短语，后接名次短语

　　3. People used to go to Canterbury to _____ the saints there.

　　a. warship b. love c. worship

　　主要区别 warship和worship

　　4. She looks so ______ that she won the heart of the young man at once.

　　a. grace b. graceful c.disgraced

　　grace 为名词，优美, 雅致, 优雅

　　disgraced：dis表示否定的，表示耻辱, 失宠, 丢脸的人(或事);玷污

　　5. In the most______ room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statueswere found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, beenpainted.

　　A .holy b. religious c frightening

　　holy adj.神圣的, 圣洁的n.神圣的东西

　　religious adj.信奉宗教的, 虔诚的, 宗教上的, 修道的, 严谨的n.僧侣, 尼姑, 修道士

　　frightening adj.令人恐惧的, 引起突然惊恐的

　　6. The city had once known ______, for it enjoy a high level ofcivilization.

　　a. a prosperity b. the prosperity c. prosperity

　　prosperity是不可数名次，表示繁荣。文中并未指出具体的那一种繁荣。

　　7.The head was carefully preserved .It was ______.

　　a. conserved b. maintained c. in good condition

　　conserve 节省、节约

　　maintain 维持, 维修, 继续, 供养, 主张

　　in good condition 情况良好，与题干was carefully preserved (被精心地保护)在语意上衔接

　　语法解析：

　　1. stand 矗立，站立，忍受

　　There stands…

　　2. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a highlevel of civilization.

　　This head must have been found in Classical times and carefullypreserved.

　　1): must 的推测用法及其他情态动词的推测用法

　　over one hundred people must have been driven away by the noise, I am oneof the few people left.

　　he must have been there with someone that we don’t know.

　　2); for: 表达解释原因，补充说明主句的原因。

　　如果再建些伸出海面的高大的烟囱状通风管, 隧道就具备了良好的通风条件。

　　这个节日是个欢乐的日子，因为在这一天，据说死去的人要回到他们的家里来，活着的人则对他们表示欢迎。

　　because, as, since, for, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), inthat

　　as意为“因为、由于”，语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是不言而喻、显而易见的原因和理由，其从句一般放在主句前As it was late， we came back soon.

　　since(既然)语气较弱，强调已知的事实。

　　Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.

　　3. She stood (was) three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.

　　当你坐着的时候，把胳膊肘靠在扶手上。

　　When you are sitting, keep your elbow on the arm rest

　　当她说话的时候，目光停留在她丈夫的脸上。

　　As she spoke, her eyes rested on her husband's face.

　　4. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed tofind that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.

　　1) turn out 证明是= prove + n. / adj. / to be

　　我们的聚会非常成功。

　　2) it turned out that + 从句

　　我们一直努力追求的爱情其实就在我们的身边，从未离开我们

　　3) as it turned out…后来人们发现

　　后来人们才发现，保护环境的重要性同人类如何活下去是同等重要的。