托福阅读长难句：嗅觉交流

　　The importance of olfactory communication (using odors to communicate) in the way of life of deer was documented by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago, which noted that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs, especially as autumn approached. (TPO28, 45)

　　olfactory /?l'f?kt(?)r?/ adj. 嗅觉的

　　document /'d?kj?m(?)nt/ vt. 用文件证实或证明(某事)

　　captive /'k?pt?v/ adj. 被捕获的，被俘虏的

　　twig /tw?g/ n. 嫩枝

　　approach /?'pr??t?/ vt. 接近, 靠近

　　The importance (of olfactory communication) (using odors to communicate) (in the way of life of deer) was documented (by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago), (which noted)(that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs), (especially as autumn approached). (TPO28, 45)

　　分析：

　　这个句子的主干就是：

　　The importance was documented

　　修饰一：(of olfactory communication)，介词短语

　　中文：嗅觉交流

　　修饰二：(using odors to communicate)，非谓语动词

　　中文：使用气味去交流

　　修饰三：(in the way of life of deer)，介词短语

　　中文：在鹿群生活方式中

　　修饰四：(by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago)，介词短语

　　中文：一个关于被捕获的成年雄鹿的研究

　　修饰五：(which noted)，从句

　　中文：研究提到

　　修饰六：(that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs)，从句

　　中文：雄鹿会在树枝和嫩枝上摩擦前额

　　修饰七：(especially as autumn approached)，从句

　　中文：尤其当秋天临近时

　　参考翻译：

　　嗅觉交流(使用气味去交流)在鹿群生活方式中的重要性，被几十年前一个关于被捕获的成年雄鹿的研究证实，这个研究提到：尤其当秋天临近时，雄鹿会在树枝和嫩枝上摩擦前额。