托福阅读长难句：食物产量增加

　　The increase in food production in these regions led to a significant growth in population, while efforts to control the flow of water to maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas and to protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community provoked the first steps toward cooperative activities on a large scale. (TPO33, 53)

　　inhabitant /?n'h?b?t?nt/ n. 居民，住户

　　hostile /'h?sta?l/ adj. 含敌意的，极不友好的;

　　provoke /pr?'v??k/ vt. 激怒(某人);使(某事物)产生，引起

　　on a large scale 大规模

　　大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解

　　The increase (in food production in these regions) led to a significant growth (in population),while efforts ( to control the flow of water to maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas) and (to protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community) provoked the first steps (toward cooperative activities on alarge scale.)(TPO33, 53)

　　分析：

　　这个句子的主干就是：

　　The increase led to a significant growth while efforts provoked the first steps.

　　修饰一：(in food production in these regions)，介词短语

　　中文：这些地区的事物产量

　　修饰二：(in population)，介词短语

　　中文：在人口方面

　　修饰三：(to control the flow of water to maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词就是efforts

　　其中还有一个非谓语to maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas

　　中文：控制水流以最大化灌溉种植区

　　修饰四：(to protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词就是efforts

　　其中还有介词短语from hostile forces outside the community

　　中文：保护当地居民免受部落外部敌对力量的侵略

　　修饰五：(toward cooperative activities on a large scale)，介词短语

　　中文：大规模合作活动

　　参考翻译：

　　这些地区食物产量的增加导致了人口的大量增长，然而，努力控制水流以最大化灌溉种植区以及努力保护当地居民免受部落外部敌对力量的侵略，这样的努力引发了大规模合作活动的第一步。