相似英语词汇辨析38:climate,weather
38 climate,weather
这两个词的词义有细微的差异,使用场合也有所不同。
climate指某地的平均气候或经常性的气候(average weather conditions);weather指某地一时的天气,如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况(a particular condition of wind,rain,snow,sunshine,etc.)。例如:
the climate of our country is mild,but individual places experience bad weather.
我国的气候是温和的,但有时个别地区也会出现坏天气。
请再看下面的例句:
a drier climate would be good for your health.
比较干燥的天气也许会对你的健康有好处。
what is the weather like today?
今日天气如何?
in hong kong people seldom wear galoshes in wet weather.
在香港下雨天很少有人穿童鞋。
请注意,weather之前不可以用不定冠词a来修饰。例如我们不可以说:what a brilliant weather!应把a删去。
另外,用作比喻义时,climate与weather都指“环境”,“情况”,但使用场合有些不同。例如:
the favourable political climate is conducive to economic investment.
良好的政治气候有利于经济投资。
the hostile climate in the institute makes working there difficult.
机构里的恶劣气氛使在那里工作变得困难。
you cannot rely on fair-weather friends to help you in all weathers.
你不要指望一些酒肉朋友在种种环境里都能帮助你。