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汉英法律专业词汇(法理、法制史、宪法学)

2008-11-11来源:
汉英法律专业词汇(法理、法制史、宪法学)
Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems and Constitution

按照法律规定according to law
按照确定的份额分享权力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit
按照确定的份额分担义务:assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt
案例教学法case system
案例汇编case book; case report; law report

柏拉图 Plato
《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 (罗)
被视为be deemed as
被宣布为非法be outlawed; be declared illegal
比较法comparative law

比较法学comparative jurisprudence
比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence
比较法制史 comparative legal history
比较分析法method of comparative analysis
比较刑法comparative penal law

比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence
必然因果关系positive causal relationship
边缘法学borderline jurisprudence
变通办法adaptation; accommodation
补充规定supplementary provision

补救办法remedial measures
不成文法unwritten law
不成文宪法unwritten constitution
不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci
不可分割的权利impartible right

不可抗力 force majuere
不可侵犯性inviolability
不可让与性inalienability
不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation
不要式行为informal act

不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act
不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right
不作为abstain from an act; act of omission
部门法department law
部门规章regulation

参照 consult
参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions
参照原文 consult the original
查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus
查士丁尼法规汇编 Authenticum

超出法律范围的 outside of law
超出法律权限的 extralegal
超过权限 exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction
成文法 written law
成文宪法 written constitution

冲突法 conflict of laws; rules of conflict
冲突规则 conflict rule; rule of conflict
除(本法)另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)
除外条款 provisory clause
除外责任条款 exclusion clause

触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests
触犯国际利益 go against the state’s interests
触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people; go against the people’s interests
传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law
纯粹法学 pure theory of law

次要法规 by law
次要规则 secondary rule
从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction
从权利 accessory right
达到法定年龄 come of age

大法 the fundamental law
大法官 Lord High Chancellor
大法官法院Court of Chancery
大陆法系 Continental Legal System
大律师 barrister

《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty (中)
大陪审团 grand jury
《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)
《大宪章》(1215) Great Charter, 1215(英)
单行法规 specific regulations

单一法律体系 unitary legal system
单一制政府 unitary government
但书 proviso
当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence
当然解释 natural interpretation

党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country
道德规范norm of morality
道德义务 moral obligation
《德国民法典》German Civil code
德拉古 Draco

地方各级人民代表大会 local people’s congresses at different levels
地方各级人民法院local people’s courts at different levels
地方各级人民检察院local people’s procuratorates at different levels
地方各级人民政府local people’s governments at different levels


第二读 second reading
第三读 third reading
二元论the dualistic theory
二元君主立宪制 dual constitutional monarchy system
二元论 the dualistic theory

二元论者dualist
二元制 bicameral system
法的本质 the nature of law
法的变化changes of law
法的定义definition of law

法的发展development of law
法的分类 divisions of law
法的概念concepts of law
法的规范作用normalized usage of law
法的继承succession of law
     
法律的理想ideal of law
法律的权威 authority of law
法律的失效lapse of law
法律的实施administration of law; law enforcement
法律的适用application of law

法律的统一 unification of law
法律的推定 presumption of law
法律的推理 analogy of law
法律的完整性 integrity of law
法律的效力范围 force’s scale of law

法律的效力形式 force’s form of law
法律的修改alteration of law
法律的演进 evolutin of law
法律的原理 principle of law
法律地位平等equal in legal status

法律对人的效力personal act of law
编纂法律方法 legal methodology
法律分类 classification of law
法律赋予权力 authority conferred by law
法律改革 law reform

法律概念 legal concept
法律根据 legal basis
法律工作者 legal professional
法律关系legal relation
法律关系的运行 process of legal relation

法律关系客体 object of legal relation
法律关系主体 subject of legal relation
法律规定provisions of law
法律规范  norm of law
法律规范的逻辑结构 logical structure of legal rule

法律规则体系 system of legal rules
法律含义 intendment of law
法律另有规定:otherwise stipulated by law
法律现象legal phenomenon
法律研究legal research

法律要件 legal requirement
法律依据 legal basis
法律意见 legal advice
法律意见书 legal opinion
法律意识 law-consciousness

法律意义 legal sense
法律用语 legal language
法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice
法律渊源 source of law
法律原本注释 gloss

法律原理 legal doctrines
法律原则 principle of legality
法律援助legal aid
法律约束 legal binding; legal restraint
法律责任 legal responsibility

法律责任的道义基础 moral basic of legal obligation
法律责任的归结 imputaton of legal responsibility
法律责任的认定 determination of legal responsibility
法律责任的执行 enforcement of legal responsibility
法律责任客体 object of legal responsibility

法律责任主体 subject of legal responsibility
法律哲学 philosophy of law; philosophie du droit (法);philosophia juris
法律政策 policy of the law
法律职业道德 legal ethics
法律指导 legal counsel

法律制裁 legal sanction
法律制度 regime of law; legal system
法律秩序 legal order
法律主体资格 capacity as a subject of law
法律主张 proposition of law

法律属地原则 territoriality of laws
法律著述 legal literature
法律专家 legal expert
法律专业 legal profession
法律专着和教科书 legal treatise and textbook

法律咨询 legal advice
法律尊严 legal sanctity
法盲 legal illiterates
法权 right
法社会学 sociology of law

法系 legal system
法协会 law society
法学 jurisprudence
法学博士 doctor of jurisprudence
法学导论 leading principles of law

法学的范畴体系 the system of categories of jurisprudence
法学的范畴意识 the consciousness of category of jurisprudence
法学的基石范畴 fundamental categories of jurisprudence
法学方法 method of jurisprudence
法学方法论 methodology of jurisprudence

法学会 law society
法学教科书 law textbooks
法学理论 theory of law; legal theory
法学权威 an academic authority in law
法学士 bachelor of law

法学体系 system of jurisprudence
法学通论 first principles of law
法学院 faculty of law; law school
法医 forensic medicine
法医学 forensic medicine

法院 court
法院调查 judicial investigation
法院管辖权 competence of court
法院管辖以外的 extrajudicial
法院判决 court decision

法院系统 court structure
法院组织法 judicature act
法则 articles
法哲学 philosophy of law
法制legal institution

法制传统 tradition of law system
法制的精神 spirit of legality
法制的尊严 dignity of the legal system
法制观念 legal concept
法制观念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law

法制教育 legal education; education of legal system
法制史 legal history; history of legal system
法治 rule of law
法治的机制 the mechanism of rule of law
法治的要素 the element of rule of law

非实质的 immaterial
非营利的 non-profit
非约束性条款 permissive provision
废止法律 annulment of law
分别管辖权  separate jurisdiction

分别财产制 separation of property regime
分别规定 separate provision
分担责任 share the responsibility
分工负责,互相配合,互相制约 divide responsibility for their own work; coordinate their efforts and check each other
分工负责制 division of labor responsibility system

分级管理 different levels holding different responsibilities
分配制度 distribution system
分析法理学 analytical jurisprudence
否决权 power veto; veto power
否认事实 denial of facts

服从法律 amenable to law; subject to the law
服从判决 accept a judgment
符合程序 be in order
符合法律 be in conformity with law
符合宪法 constitutionality 

符合宪法的法律 constitutional law
符合原则 be in conformity with the principle
盖尤斯 Gaius
概括裁定 general verdict
概括继承 general succession

干扰司法公正 interference with course of justice
刚性条款 entrenched clause
刚性宪法 rigid constitution
岗位责任制 post responsibility system
高等法院 high court; high court of justice

高度集中 highly centralize
高度民主 high level of democracy
高度自治权 high degree of autonomy
高级法官 senior judge
高级法院superior court

高级人民法院 Higher People’s Court
高级人民检察院 Higher People’s Procuratortate
搁置 set aside; abeyance
格式条款 clause of style
公认的行为准则 established standard of conduct

规避法律 in fraud of law
规避义务 evade obligations
规范的法律规则 normative rule of law
规范法学 normative jurisprudence
规范性法律文件 normalizative document of law

规范性法律文件的规范化 normalization of normative legal document
国际法international law
国际法学 international jurisprudence
过错方 tort-feasor; wrongdoer
过错推定原则 doctrine of presumption

过错责任 liability for wrongs; tort liability
海事法院 court of admiralty
《汉穆拉比法典》 Code of Hammurabi
合并条款 consolidation of provisions
合法的个人财产 legal personal property

合法地位 legal status
合法权益 the lawful rights and interests
合法行为 lawful acts; legality of purpose
合宪性 constitutionality
衡平法 equity

衡平法规则 rule of equity
衡平法学 equity jurisprudence
衡平法院 Court of Chancery (美);Court of Equity (英)
后法取代前法 A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one.
后法优于前法 lex posterior derogat priori

户籍所在地:the place where his residence is registered
互为因果 reciprocal causation
基本法 fundamental law
基本法律规范 basic norm of law
基本方针 basic policies

基本权利和义务 basic rights and duties
基本司法概念和假设 basic legal conception and assumption
技术性法规 technical legal rule
家庭法 family law
建立法律关系create legal relations

教会法 canon law
《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici
教会法学家 decretalists
解释法律的技术规则 technical rule of interpretation
解释权 power of interpretation

近因 immediate cause
禁治产人 imbecile; interdicted person
经常居住地:habitual residence
经法律确认的 ascertained by law
经法律许可 authorized by law

经验法学 scholastic theories of law
纠问式审判 trial by inspection or examination
具有法律约束力的文件 legally binding instrument
具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity
具有约束力的判例 binding precedent

绝对衡平法 absolute equity
君主立宪制度 constitutional monarchy
开罗会议 Cairo Conference
凯恩斯主义 keynesianism
可撤销的法律行为 revocable juristic act

可让与性 alienability
可用法律强制执行的 enforceable at law
可预见的 foreseeable
可直接适用的法律 directly applicable law
可追溯的 retrospective

客观条件 objective condition
客观因素 objective factor
客体 object
扩充解释 amplified interpretation
理论法理学派 theoretical jurisprudence school

理性决定说 theory of rational decision
理性认识 conceptual knowledge
历史法学 historical jurisprudence
历史法学派 historical school of law
历史解释 historical interpretation

立法机构legislative body
立法权 law-making power; legislative power
立法委任权 legislation mandate
立法效力 legislative effect
立法议案 bills

立法者 law-maker; legislator
立宪 constitutionalism
利益冲突 conflict of interests
利害关系人interested person
连带法律关系 joint legal relations

连带责任 joint and several obligation
论理解释 logical interpretation
罗马法Roman Law; Jus Romanum
罗马法系 Roman-Law System
罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世 Justinian I

罗马法理学 jurisprudential
《罗马法律汇编》Roman Digest
罗马法学派 school of Romanists
罗马-日耳曼法系 Roman-Germanic family
罗马私法 Jus Privatum

逻辑解释 logical interpretation
马伯里诉麦迪逊案 Marbury vs. Madison
马克思主义法律理论 Marxism-leninism
马克思主义法学 Marxist jurisprudence
马克思主义法学家 Marxist jurist

没有事实根据的 unsubstantial
美国国际法协会 American Institute of International Law
美国海事法庭 Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.
美国联邦地区法院 United States district courts
美国联邦法官 federal judge

没有法律依据的 lawless
没有判决先例的案件 case of first impression
《民法大全》Corpus Juris Civilis
民法典 civil code
民法法系Civil-Law System

民法通则: General Principles of the Civil Law
民法学 science of civil law
民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则 “by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases
民事权利能力:the capacity for civil rights
民事权益:civil rights and interests

民事诉讼法学 Civil Procedure Law
民事制裁 civil punishment; civil sanction
民政部门:the civil affairs department
明代法规 laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty
明示或默示的 express or implied

默示表达 communication by implication
拿破仑法典  The Code Napolean
内部规章 internal regulations
纳妾制 concubinage
南京条约 (1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843

拟制理论 fiction theory
拟制买卖 mancipatio
欧洲大陆法 continental law
偶然权利 contingent right
偶然因果关系 fortuitous causal relationship

偶然因素 accidentalia
偶因 accidental cause
排他的权利 right to exclude all others
派生的权利 derived right
派生取得 derivative acquisition

判例法系 Case Law System
普通法法系 Common-Law System
判例法系 Case Law System
判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments
普通法 common law

普通法法系 Common-Law System
普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy
普通法上的过失 common-law negligence
普通法上的留置权 common-law lien
普通法学 general jurisprudence

强制办法 coercive method
强制规定 mandatory provisions
强制性法规 mandatory rule of law
强制性条款 mandatory term
侵犯财产权 property torts

侵权行为法 tort law
侵权责任 tortious liability
清理法规 check up laws and regulations
区域性法律体系 regional system of laws
取证 obtain evidence

确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation
确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria
权威解释 authentic interpretation
人法 human law, statute personalia
人格减等 capitis deminutio

人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person
人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations
人身关系 personal relation
任意解释 arbitrary interpretation
《日耳曼法》Germanic law

柔性宪法 flexible constitution
三权分立 separation of powers
善意推定 presumption of good faith
商法 commercial law
商法典 code of commerce

社会法学 sociological jurisprudence
社会关系 social relations
社会规范 social regulation
社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence
社会契约论 theory of social contract

社会团体:social organization
社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence
社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law
神法 divine law
神权说 theory of divine right

审查制度 censorship; inspection system
审计监督 supervise through auditing
审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing
生效条款 operative clause
失效法律 expired laws

失效日 expiry date
施行细则 implementary provisions
实证主义法学派 the positivist school
《十二表法》 Twelve Tables
实体法 material law; substantial law

实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense
实体权利 substantive right
实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism
实在法 positive law
实在法学 positive jurisprudence

实在法学派 positivist
实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence
实证法学 positive jurisprudence
实质条款 material stipulation
实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance

实质性解释 material interpretation
事实的推定 presumption of fact
事业单位:institution
适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law
适用范围 area of application; sphere of application

适用中国法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to)
溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity
溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect
损害赔偿 damages
梭伦 Solon

弹性宪法 elastic constitution
特别程序 special procedure
特别但书 special proviso
特别法 special law
特殊主体 special subject

提案motion; overture; proposal
提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead
条约法 law of treaties
同态复仇 retaliation
推定合法presumption of legality

停止生效cease to have effect
外国法 foreign law
外国法制史 foreign legal history
外国人待遇 foreigner treatment
完全民事权利能力:full capacity for civil conduct

完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction
完全无行为能力 absolute disability
万民法 jus gentium
违法构成要件 essential condition of delict
违宪 violation of constitution

乌尔比安 Ulpianus
无国籍人:stateless persons
无条件解释 unconditional interpretation
无效的法律 void law
无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect

物权 property
西塞罗 Marcus Tullius Cicero
习惯法custom law
细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws
狭义解释 narrow definition

下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided
先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite
现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence
现行法律 current law; existing law
限制解释 restrictive interpretation


判例法系 Case Law System
普通法法系 Common-Law System
判例法系 Case Law System
判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments
普通法 common law

普通法法系 Common-Law System
普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy
普通法上的过失 common-law negligence
普通法上的留置权 common-law lien
普通法学 general jurisprudence

强制办法 coercive method
强制规定 mandatory provisions
强制性法规 mandatory rule of law
强制性条款 mandatory term
侵犯财产权 property torts

侵权行为法 tort law
侵权责任 tortious liability
清理法规 check up laws and regulations
区域性法律体系 regional system of laws
取证 obtain evidence

确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation
确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria
权威解释 authentic interpretation
人法 human law, statute personalia
人格减等 capitis deminutio

人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person
人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations
人身关系 personal relation
任意解释 arbitrary interpretation
《日耳曼法》Germanic law

柔性宪法 flexible constitution
三权分立 separation of powers
善意推定 presumption of good faith
商法 commercial law
商法典 code of commerce

社会法学 sociological jurisprudence
社会关系 social relations
社会规范 social regulation
社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence
社会契约论 theory of social contract

社会团体:social organization
社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence
社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law
神法 divine law
神权说 theory of divine right

审查制度 censorship; inspection system
审计监督 supervise through auditing
审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing
生效条款 operative clause
失效法律 expired laws

失效日 expiry date
施行细则 implementary provisions
实证主义法学派 the positivist school
《十二表法》 Twelve Tables
实体法 material law; substantial law

实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense
实体权利 substantive right
实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism
实在法 positive law
实在法学 positive jurisprudence

实在法学派 positivist
实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence
实证法学 positive jurisprudence
实质条款 material stipulation
实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance

实质性解释 material interpretation
事实的推定 presumption of fact
事业单位:institution
适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law
适用范围 area of application; sphere of application

适用中国法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to)
溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity
溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect
损害赔偿 damages
梭伦 Solon

弹性宪法 elastic constitution
特别程序 special procedure
特别但书 special proviso
特别法 special law
特殊主体 special subject

提案motion; overture; proposal
提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead
条约法 law of treaties
同态复仇 retaliation
推定合法presumption of legality

停止生效cease to have effect
外国法 foreign law
外国法制史 foreign legal history
外国人待遇 foreigner treatment
完全民事权利能力:full capacity for civil conduct

完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction
完全无行为能力 absolute disability
万民法 jus gentium
违法构成要件 essential condition of delict
违宪 violation of constitution

乌尔比安 Ulpianus
无国籍人:stateless persons
无条件解释 unconditional interpretation
无效的法律 void law
无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect

物权 property
西塞罗 Marcus Tullius Cicero
习惯法custom law
细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws
狭义解释 narrow definition

下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided
先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite
现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence
现行法律 current law; existing law
限制解释 restrictive interpretation

宪法的解释 interpretation of constitution
宪法修正案 constitution amendment
宪法学 constitutional jurisprudence
相对主义法学 relativist jurisprudence
新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence

新律 New Law , Novellae
行为规范 code of conduct
学说编纂 the Pandekta
形式主义法学 formalist jurisprudence
亚里士多德 Aristotle

严格解释 strict interpretation
严重不法行为 aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior
严重违法 break the law on a serious scale
要件 important condition; essential condition
一般客体 general object

一般权利能力 general legal capacity
一般主体 general subject
一事不再理的保证 guarantee against double jeorpardy
依法办案 handle cases according to law
依法独立行使职权 independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law

依照法律的规定 as prescribed by law
以法律为准绳 take law as the criterion
依法治国 genuine rule of law; running the country according to law
义务性规范 obligatory rule
义务主体 subject of duty

英美法系 Anglo-American Legal System
永恒法 eternal law
优士丁尼法典 the Codex Justinianus
优士丁尼皇帝 Justinian
《优士丁尼民法大全》(《国法大全》)Corpus Juris Civilis

有法必依 ensure that laws are observed
有法律约束力 legally binding
有条件解释 conditional interpretation
有效期间 time of effect; term of validity
与法律规定不符 against the forms of the statute

与法律相抵触的行为act going against the law
域外效力 extraterritorial effect
援引法律条文 invoke a legal provision
(古罗马的)元老院 the Senate
约束力 binding; binding effect

在法律的范围内 within the law
暂行条例interim regulations; provisional regulation
整体法学 integrative jurisprudence
正当权益 justified rights; legitimate interests
正式解释 official interpretation

正式渊源 formal source
政法学院 institute of political science and law
知法犯法 deliberately break the law
执法必严 ensure that law’s enforcement be strict
执法人员 law enforcement officials

执行权 enforcement power
直接故意 actual intent; direct intent
直接后果 immediate consequence
直接客体 direct object
直接主体 direct subject

制定法 statute
制宪权constituent power
治外法权 extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction
中端时效 interrupt the running of the statute of limitation

中国大陆的法律 law of China’s mainland
中国法制 Chinese legal system
中国法制史 Chinese legal history
中国特色的社会主义法制 socialist legal system with Chinese character
中华法系 Chinese legal system

《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the Basic law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China
主要法律体系principal legal system
自然法 natural law
自然法学派 natural law school

组成合议庭开庭审理:form a collegial panel to conduct the trial
最高国家权力机关 highest organ of state power
最高人民法院的解释 interpretation of supreme people’s court
遵循先例原则 The Doctrine of Stare
作为或不作为 act or omission