国民经济、对外经济贸易常用词汇

经济指标 economic indicators
社会总产值 total product of society
国民生产总值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product)
国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita
工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture
国民收入 national income
购买力平价法 purchasing power parity
财政收入 state revenue
社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales
社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index
百分点 percentage points
"八五"划划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development
计划经济 planned economy
统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing
市场经济 market economy
指令性计划 mandatory plan
指导性计划 guidance plan
市场调节 market regulation
建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制"
establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision
and incorruptible government
抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础"
stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education
and science and technology
实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化"
optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population
第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries
外向型经济 export-oriented economy
创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise
劳动密集型 labor intensive
技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive
高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value
优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources
生产力 productive forces
生产资料 capital goods
科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings
火炬计划 Torch Plan
技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock
风险投资 venture investment/capital
固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets
折旧费 depreciation cost
关系民生的产品 products vital to the people's livelihood
供大于求 oversupply
供不应求 short supply
经济过热 overheated economy
抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market
宏观调控 macro-economic control
经济杠杆 economic levers
产业政策 industrial policy
财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率
public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate
提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns
社会效益 social effect/returns
实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development
财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)
外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value
外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment
实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use
三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营)
three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture,
contractual joint venture
允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation
优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms
减免税收 tax reduction and exemption
合作方式  approaches to cooperation
出资方式 means of contributing investment
合营期限 contract term of a joint venture
三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工)
processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples,

assembling supplied components)
贸易伙伴  trade partner
转口贸易 transit trade
外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus
积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验
actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and
managerial expertise form outside
交钥匙工程 turn-key project
招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system
招标出售技术 bids for technology
公开招标 call for bid; tenders
招标单 invitation for bid (IFB)
标书 bidding document 
竟标 competitive bidding
投标 bid for a project
投标报价书 bid proposals
评标 bid proposal evaluation
开标 bid opening 
中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender
拍卖 auction
租赁 leasing
保税区 bonded area; free trade area
实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening
统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、
 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition
自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制
responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration of industry and
foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system
知识产权 intellectual property rights
技术转让 technology transfer
可行性研究 feasibility study
意向书 letter of intent
投资环境 investment environment
跨国公司 transnational coorporation
基础设施 infrastructure
20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years
发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用
 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise
and qualified professionals from outside.
招商 attract investment
招商项目 project proposals for investment
同国际惯例接轨
 follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage
加大改革力度 intensify reforms
一条龙服务 one package service
一支笔审批 one-chop approval
我们两市的经济互补性很强。
 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.
平等互利，互通有无
equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods
外引内联
act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections
保持发展后劲
bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development
经济实力 economic capabilities
龙头 pacemaker; leading role
三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平）
 "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and
electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.
瓶颈 bottleneck
以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture
以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects
下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels
统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control
良性循环 positive cycle
国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy
格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.
理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises
政策性亏损 policy-related loss
三角债 chain debts
上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee
企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise
生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish
质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization
批量生产 mass production
以销定产 limit production to market ability
内联企业 inland associated enterprises
菜篮子工程 shipping basket project
国产化 percentage of home-made parts
配套改革 coordinated reforms
配套措施 supporting measures
配套工程 auxiliary project
国内配套资金 domestic funds
向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry
升级换代 upgrading and updating
看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth
行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.
行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price
随行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions
片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate
在过渡时期 in a period of transition 
粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation
基础地位 leading position
门类齐全 covering extensive fields
存款/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/loans
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves
贸易顺差 trade surplus
完善的市场和发达的金融体制 well-established market and sophisticated financial system
消灭失业 wipe out unemployment
降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market
and restore financial order
紧缩银根 tighten the money supply
一位数水平 one digit level
保持双边贸易的平衡 balance the two-way trade
这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。
 This meeting laid a sound foundation for the two countries to forge
enduring/lasting and constant/continuous economic ties.
市场疲软 a market slump
库存积压 overstocked products
国家指令性计划 state mandatory planning
统一定价 unified price setting
国家统配物资 materials allocated by state
货币发放 the issue of currency
规范价格秩序  standardize the price order 
简化流通环节，增加随机检查
 simplify circulation and add more random checks 
市场机制开始发挥调节作用。
 The market mechanisms are beginning to play their regulatory role. 
由于该暗补为明补，粮食购销同价。
Grains are purchased and sold by the same price because covered allowances
are turned into open allowance.
导致价格持续增长的一个重要因素在于物价的逐步放开及价格结构调整。
An important factor (contributing to/resulting in) substantial price hikes
lies in the gradual lifting of prices control and the structural adjustment of prices.