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高考实用词组用法辨析

2008-01-08来源:
1.Deeply和deep的区别

Deeply adv.深
They had to dig very deep(deeply)in order to find water. 他们必须掘得很深,才能发现水。
He pushed his stick deep(deeply)into the mud. 他把手杖使劲往泥里扎。
Plough deep /deeply the first time and less deep /deeply the second time. 第一次犁深些,第二次不要犁得那么深。
Thousands of British soldiers stood deep in the water. 数千名英军士兵站在水中。
They went on studying deep into the night. 他继续学习,直到深夜。
Romeo was deeply in love with Juliet. 罗密欧深深地爱上了朱丽叶。
I'm deeply sorry for what has happened. 我为发生的事感到非常遗憾。
特别提醒 deep也可作副词用,指动作或事物具体的"深",与deeply同义(常用来修饰动态动词),若指静止状态的"深",则用deep不用deeply(如stand deep);作"夜深"解用deep不用deeply;用于抽象、喻义的"深"(如"深深地热爱"等)一般用deeply而不用deep。

2.Especially, specially和particularly的区别

(1)especial为形容词,它的"特别"是不同于普通的,有"主要的","突出的"的意思。其副词为especially,反义词为ordinary。如:
It's a matter of especial importance. 这是一件特别重要的事情。
I feel especially interested in the project. 我对这个方案特别感兴趣。
(2)special的"特别"是不同于一般的,有"特殊的","专门的"意思。其反义词为general,副词为specially。如:
They went to Paris on a special plane. 他们乘专机去巴黎。
I came here specially to ask you for advice. 我是专程来这里向你请教的。
(3)particularly意为"尤其","特别","格外地"。通常指以不寻常的方式突出某一事物的个性或独特之处。它常与especially换用,但更强调"与众不同"。如:
These books will be particularly helpful to those who wish to improve spoken English. 这些书对那些希望提高自己英语口语水平的人来说特别有用。

3.Such as与such…as…的区别

(1)such as是短语连词,意为"诸如","例如",引出的是such前面的词的同位语。如:
John likes to make furniture, such as chairs and tables. 约翰喜欢做家具,如桌子和椅子之类。
(2)such…as…意为"像……那样的","如……之类的"。such之后可跟可数名词,也可跟不可数名词。名词前还可以加其他形容词作修饰语。As是关系代词,引导定语从句,as常在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等。如:
I want to buy such books as are about science and technology. 我想买有关科技方面的书。(as在从句中作主语)
Don't read such books as you can't understand. 不要读你看不懂的书。(as在从句中作宾语)
Such books as this are too difficult to beginners. 这样的书对于初学者来说太难了。
(as引导一个省略的从句:as this(is),as在从句中作表语)

4.区分advice,opinion,view,suggestion,offer

1、advice表示"忠告,意见,指点",是指具有丰富的知识,足够的经验,正确的判断力和明智的观点的人对另一个人的"劝告"或"见解",既可以是对于严肃的事物,也可以对琐碎事情提出意见。如果advice不被一个另有所指的形容词修饰,则经常意味着忠告者对被忠告者表现出一种直接的,或多或少个人的关系。因此,advice的事情经常具有私事性质。可见,在实际应用中,凡是与自己没有关系,完全是为了对方而提出advice,均可用之。不可数名词,常和介词against,at,by,for,of,on,to,about,with等搭配。例如:
My advice to you is that you should treat your wife with more consideration.
我给你的忠告是你要多体贴妻子。
It was only by my advice that she had given up the idea.
这是在我的劝导下她才放弃了这个念头。
On the doctor's advice her mother is staying in bed. 她的妈妈遵医嘱卧床休息。
You must act with advice at present. 目前,你一定要谨慎行事。
The boy took my advice as to what he should do.
那个男孩听取了我教他该怎么办的意见。
I want to give you a little advice on your work.
我想就这件工作给你提出一点小意见。
I wonder if I can get some advice from you.
不知道能否得到你的指点。
与advice连用的词组和短语有:
act on sb.'s advice表示"听从某人的劝告"
ask for one's advice about表示"征求某人对……的意见"
reject sb.'s advice表示"拒绝某人的忠告"
well-put advice表示"措辞得当的劝告"
against sb.'s advice表示"违背某人的忠告"
by doctor's advice表示"遵照医嘱"
come to sb. for advice表示"来向某人请教"
act with advice表示"谨慎行事"
some advice about表示"一些关于……的劝告"
advice to sb. about to do…"给即将做……的人以劝告"
2.opinion表示"意见,看法,主张,见解",通用词。指对于某事物的意见、想法和信念,特别是根据事实并经过仔细、认真的考虑而提出的意见、看法及获得的信念,但仅仅是初步的,也或许是不成熟的,不能说是确切无误的。多用作可数名词。常和介词about,from,of,on,upon,in,according to,up to,among,regarding to等搭配。例如:
Those are my opinions about the affair.那些就是我对于此事的意见。
With joy, he described the opinions from those scholars.
他十分高兴的叙述了那些学者的意见。
What's your opinion of the new president? 你对那位新总统的看法如何?
We got the lawyer's opinion on the question. However, I still held my own opinion to the contrary. 我们听取了该律师对于这个问题的意见,然而,我却仍然保持我的相反意见。
They have set up a new opinion regarding to this case.
他们对于这件事情提出了一个新的意见。
与opinion连用的词组和短语有:
accept an opinion表示"接受一种看法"
advance an opinion表示"提出一种看法"
air one's opinion表示"发表意见"
base one's opinion on these facts表示"根据这些事实形成看法"
bear out one's opinion表示"证实自己的意见"
echo an opinion表示"附和一种意见"
influence public opinion表示"左右舆论"
lead public opinion towards…表示"将舆论引向……"
stick to one's opinion表示"坚持己见"
take the opinion of…表示"接受……的意见"
treat sb.'s opinion lightly表示"轻视某人的意见"
in my poor opinion表示"按我的肤浅看法"
according to my opinion表示"根据我的意见"
differ(vary)in opinion表示"意见不同"
in sb.'s opinion表示"依照某人的意见"
3.view表示"意见,看法,见解,观点",强调个人因素,其重点在于个人对于大而普遍存在的问题的看法、所持的态度或注意力集中的地方。因此,view有"观点,见解"的意思。纵然也有"想法,意见"的含义,但比opinion更为全面、肯定,甚至具有系统性。用做可数名词,常与介词according to,in,of,on,with,against,as to,regarding to等搭配。例如:
In my view,war is a game in which both sides lose.
在我看来,战争是一场参加的双方都是输家的赌博。
With a view to improving his ability to speak English he spends most of his holidays in England.为了提高他自己讲英语的能力,他在英国度过了他的大部分假期。
The couple saved their money with a view to being able to buy a house of their own someday. 那对夫妻把钱存起来,渴望有朝一日能买一栋属于他们自己的房子。
What are your views of(on) this matter? 你对这件事的看法如何?
与view经常连用的词组和短语有:
air one's views表示"公开发表意见"
be lost to one's view表示"在视野中消失","看不见了"
bird's eye view表示"鸟瞰全景"
have a view of表示"能看见……"
have in view表示"打算……"
hold the view that表示"……认为……"
in full view of表示"在大家面前"
in one's view表示"据某人看来"
in view表示"可以看到,在望,临近"
in view of表示"鉴于,考虑到,由于"
keep in view表示"一直看着,监视"
on view表示"(在)展出"
share the views of sb. on…表示"在……上与某人看法一致"
a view against表示"反对……的意见"
4.suggestion表示"意见,建议,提议",特指为了改进或解决某一问题而提出建议,办法等,但不一定正确,仅供参考。在这一含义上,它和opinion同义,但比opinion正式。语气比advice客气、委婉。多用作可数名词,常和介词about,as to,at,on,by,with等搭配。例如:
This trip was made at his teacher's suggestion. 这次旅行是由他的老师建议组织的。
By her mother's suggestion the contribution was raised. 根据她妈妈的建议发起了募捐。
I have put my suggestions in pencil that they may be rubbed out if you do not approve of them. 我的建议是用铅笔写的,这样,如果你不同意就可以把它们擦掉。
I have some suggestions to submit. 我有几个建议要提出。
与suggestion经常连用的词组和短语有:
accept a suggestion put forward by…表示"接受……提出的建议"
adopt a suggestion表示"采纳建议"
advance the suggestion that…表示"提出……的建议"
carry a suggestion of…表示"使人想起……","给人以……的联想"
follow out suggestion表示"贯彻建议"
take the suggestion into consideration表示"考虑这个建议"
throw away a suggestion表示"抛弃一项建议"
volunteer suggestions on…表示"对……主动提出建议"
at(on)sb.'s suggestion表示"将照某人的建议"
at(on)the suggestion of…表示"在……的建议下","按照……的建议"
by sb.'s suggestion表示"根据某人的建议"
be full of suggestions表示"充满了暗示","含义深远"
act on sb.'s suggestion表示"按照某人的建议行事"
5.offer表示"提议,建议",强调"主动表示"或"主动提出"愿意做某件事,重在"自愿"。用作可数名词。如:
You should accept the offer. 你应该接受这个提议。
Your offer does not tempt me at all. 你的建议一点也不能使我动心。
He made me an offer of help. 他表示愿意帮助我。
与offer经常连用的词组和短语有:
accept an offer表示"接受提议"。
cancel an offer表示"取消一项建议"
make an offer(Of…)表示"提议,提供,出价"
make sb. offer表示"给某人出个价"
make an offer to catch the ball表示"想要接住那个球"
reject an offer表示"不接受提议"
slight sb's offer表示"轻视某人的建议"
take back one's offer表示"收回建议"
a kind offer to aid表示"提供援助的好意"
make a reasonable offer表示"合理的报价"
a suitable offer表示"适当的报价"
under offer表示"(指待售房屋)已经有人出了价的","有人打算买的"
an offer of marriage表示"求婚"

5. 浅析year by year和year after year

(1)year by year表示每年都有所变化。如:
I grow taller year by year. 我一年年长高。
Year by year their affection for each other grew stronger. 他们相爱逐年加深。
(2)year after year表示一年年一成不变。如:
The flowers remain the same year after year while people change year by year. 年年岁岁花相似,岁岁年年人不同。
She sent money year after year to help the poor. 她年年送钱帮助穷人。

6. 辨别try to do sth和try doing sth

(1)try to do意为"努力,企图做某事"。如:
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。
(2)try doing意为"试验,试着做某事"。如:
I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。