神职人员教堂都有那些说法

A preacher more concentrates on  publicly proclaims the gospel.
A celebrant is only in Roman Catholic, to officiate at the celebration of the Eucharist.
A bishop is usually  in charge of a diocese.
A archbishop is of the highest rank in Christian hierarchy, heading an archdiocese or a province.
"hierarch"  is a common word, not only related to Christians.
A cardinal also belongs to Roman Catholic, ranking just below the pope.

church is from Greek, which basically means the "called out". The word was used by the Greeks to describe the assembling or gathering of citizens who were called out to meet together for public hearings.  Later people use it to refer to a general place where Christians get together.  So it is a common word.
A Cathedral is the principal church of a bishop’s diocese.  For example, St Paul’s Cathedral in London.

Hope these are helpful.

You need to read something related to Christian religion to know what they actually are.  Otherwise they make no sense to you.