数学部分术语总汇 (2)

集合与简易逻辑
 

集合（集）                  set
非负整数集                  the set of all non-negative integers
自然数集                    the set of all natural numbers
正整数集                    the set of all positive integers
整数集                      the set of all integers
有理数集                    the set of all rational numbers
实数集                      the set of all real numbers
元素                        element
属于                        belong to
不属于                      not belong to
有限集                      finite set
无限集                      infinite set
空集                        empty set
包含                        inclusion, include
包含于                      lie in
子集                        subset
真子集                      proper subset
补集（余集）                complementary set
全集                        universe
交集                        intersection
并集                         union
偶数集                       the set of all even numbers
奇数集                       the set of all odd numbers
含绝对值的不等式             inequality with absolute value
一元二次不等式               one-variable quadratic inequality
逻辑                         logic
逻辑联结词                   logic connective
或                           or
且                           and
非                           not
真                           true
假                           false
真值表                       truth table
原命题                       original proposition
逆命题                       converse proposition
否命题                       negative proposition
逆否命题                     converse-negative proposition
充分条件                     sufficient condition
必要条件                     necessary condition
充要条件                     sufficient and necessary condition
……的充要条件是……         … if and only if …

函     数

函数                         function
自变量                      argument
定义域                      domain
值域                        range
区间                        interval
闭区间                      closed interval
开区间                      open interval
函数的图象                  graph of function
映射                        mapping
象                          image
原象                        inverse image
单调                        monotone
增函数                      increasing function
减函数                      decreasing function
单调区间                    monotone interval
反函数                      inverse function
指数                        exponent
n次方根                     n th root
根式                         radical
根指数                       radical exponent
被开方数                     radicand
指数函数                     exponential function
对数                         logarithm
常用对数                     common logarithm
自然对数                     natural logarithm
对数函数                     logarithmic function
 

数     列

数列                         sequence of number
项                           term
通项公式                     the formula of general term
有穷数列                     finite sequence of number
无穷数列                     infinite sequence of number
递推公式                     recurrence formula
等差数列                     arithmetic progression ，
                             arithmetic series
公差                         common difference
等差中项                     arithmetic mean
等比数列                     geometric progression，
                             geometric series
公比                         common ratio
等比中项                     geometric mean

三  角  函  数

三角函数                trigonometric function
始边                    initial side
终边                    terminal side
正角                    positive angle
负角                    negative angle
零角                    zero angle
象限角                  quadrant angle
弧度                    radian
弧度制                  radian measure
角度制                  degree measure
正弦                    sine
余弦                    cosine
正切                    tangent
余切                    cotangent
正割                    secant
余割                    cosecant
诱导公式                induction formula
正弦曲线                sine curve
余弦曲线                cosine curve
最大值                 maximum
最小值                 minimum
周期                   period
最小正周期             minimal positive period
周期函数               periodic function
振幅                   amplitude of vibration
频率                   frequency
相位                   phase
初相                   initial phase
反正弦                 arc sine
反余弦                 arc cosine
反正切                 arc tangent
 

平  面  向  量

有向线段               directed line segment
数量                   scalar quantity
向量                   vector
零向量                 zero vector
相等向量               equal vector
共线向量               collinear vectors
平行向量               parallel vectors
向量的数乘             multiplication of vector by scalar
单位向量               unit vector
基底                   base
基向量                base  vectors
平移                  translation
数量积                inner  product
正弦定理              sine  theorem
余弦定理              cosine  theorem
 

不   等   式

算术平均数                         arithmetic mean
几何平均数                         geometric mean
比较法                             method of compare
综合法                             method of synthesis
分析法                             method of analysis

直     线

倾斜角                             angle of inclination
斜率                               gradient
点斜式                             point slope form
截距                               intercept
斜截式                             gradient intercept form
两点式                             two-point form
一般式                             general form
夹角                               included angle
线性规划                           linear programming
约束条件                           constraint condition
目标函数                           objective function
可行域                             feasible region
最优解                             optimal solution
 

圆  锥  曲  线

曲线                               curve
坐标法                             method of coordinate
解析几何                           analytic geometry
笛卡儿                             Descartes
标准方程                           standard equation
一般方程                           general equation
参数方程                           parameter equation
参数                               parameter
圆锥曲线                           point conic
椭圆                               ellipse
焦点                               focus, focal points
焦距                               focal length
长轴                               major axis
短轴                               minor axis
离心率                             eccentricity
双曲线                             hyperbola
实轴                               real axis
虚轴                               imaginary axis
渐近线                             asymptote
抛物线                             parabola
准线                               directrix