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医学儿科词汇
2008-08-28来源:
儿科学Pediatrics儿童保健Child care疾病防治Disease prevention营养基础Basal nutrition婴儿喂养Infants’ feeding营养不良Malnutrition小儿肥胖obesity in Childhood解剖Anatomy:生理生化Physiology and biochemistry:营养代谢Nutrition and Metabolism:免疫Immunity:病理Pathology:疾病的种类Variety of Disease:临床表现Clinical Situation:诊断Diagnosis治疗:Treatment预后:Prognosis预防:Prevention胎儿期:Fetal Stage胚卵期Ovigerm Stage胚胎期Embryo Stage新生儿期:Neonatal Period脐带Omphalus足月儿Term Infant早产儿Premature过期产儿Post term Infant围产期Perinatal stage婴儿期:Infancy幼儿期:Toddler Period学龄期:School age青春期:Adolescence遗传inheritance:性别sex:内分泌endocrine:孕母情况mother’s condition:营养nutrition:。生活环境living environment:急性感染acute infection慢性疾病chronic disease消化道疾病disease of digestive tract内分泌疾病endocrine disease先天性疾病congenital disease体格生长:Physique growth摄入不足insufficiency of intake胎粪排出excretion of meconium水分丢失loss of moist生长高峰summit of growth卧位clinostatasm站立位erect position头顶vertex耻骨联合上缘superior margin of pubic symphysis耻骨联合上缘superior margin of pubic symphysis足底sole脐nave头围:Head Circumference胸围:Chest Circumference颅骨:Cranium颅缝cranial sutures:前囟anterior fontanel:后囟posterior:脊柱:Rachis ——生理弯曲的形成长骨:Long Bone干骺端Metaphysis软骨骨化Cartilaginous ossification骨膜下成骨Subperiosteum ossification乳牙deciduous teeth恒牙permanent teeth(乳牙)萌出eruption神经系统nervous system脊髓spinal cord:运动发育:Motor development发音器官organs of voicing听觉sense of hearing大脑语言中枢cerebral language center语言交流communication护理:Nursing计划免疫:Planned Immunity心理卫生:Mental Health生活习惯living habit:社会适应能力social adaptation:亲情 parent-child relationship健康查体:Physical Examination随访follow-up户外活动open field activity:身体抚触 stroking massage:窒息apnea:中毒intoxication外伤trauma预防接种:Vaccination主动免疫Active immunity:被动免疫passive immunity:预防接种vaccination小儿传染病infectious disease卡介苗 Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, BCG vaccine脊髓灰质炎疫苗 Polimyelitis Vaccine麻疹疫苗 Measles Vaccine百白破三联疫苗 Pertussis-Diphtheria-Tetanus triple vaccine乙肝疫苗Hepatitis B vaccine初种primary vaccination:复种revaccination:不良反应reaction:热量的需要:Caloric Requirement基础代谢:Basal Metabolism排泄 Excretion蛋白质:Protein碳水化合物:Carbohydrate脂肪:Fat维生素:Vitamins水溶性维生素:Water-soluble Vitamin脂溶性维生素:Fat-soluble Vitamin矿物质:Mineral膳食纤维:Dietary Fiber母乳喂养:Breast Feeding母乳的成分:Component of Mother’s Milk免疫物质:immune material免疫球蛋白:Immune Gloulin补体:Complement乳铁蛋白:Lactoferrin溶菌酶:Lysozyme双歧因子:Bifidus Factor细胞成分:Components of Cells慢性消耗性疾病:Chronic consumptions精神障碍:Mental disorders急性传染病:Acute infectious diseases断奶:Weaning人工喂养:Bottle-Feeding稀释:Dilution加糖:Add Sugar煮沸:Boiling定时定量:Time and rationed Feeding个体差异:Individual Difference混合喂养Mixed Feeding大小便:Defecation代授法:Breast-bottle-feeding补授法:Supplemental Feeding辅食添加:The Introduction of solid food营养不良Malnutrition代谢异常Developmental and Metabolic Disorder临床分型:Clinical typing消瘦型Marasmus Malnutrition浮肿型Edema Malnutrition消瘦-浮肿型Marasmus—Edema Malnutrition病因:Etiological Factor摄入不足:Deficiency of Intake辅食添加不及时:Introduction of Solid Food饮食结构不合理:Incorrect Components of Diet不良饮食习惯:Bad Eating Habit消化吸收障碍:Disorder of Digestion and Absorption消化道先天畸形:Congenital Anomaly of Digestive Tract先天性代谢障碍:Congenital Dysbolism消化功能紊乱:Disorder of Digestive Function需求增多:Requirement Increases生长发育迅速的时期:The period when children grow rapidly疾病恢复期:Recovery Phase of diseases双胎或多胎:Twins or Multiplets早产:Premature消耗性疾病Consumptions病理生理:Pathophysiology代谢异常:Dysbolism体温调节:Thermoregulation机体各系统功能低下:Incapacity of Body Systems消化系统:Digestive System循环系统:Circulatory System泌尿系统:Urinary System神经系统:Nervous System免疫系统:Immune System临床表现:Clinical Situation皮下脂肪Subcutaneous Fat腹Abdomen躯干Trunk臀Breech四肢Extremities面颊Cheeks皮肤Skin干燥Dehydration苍白Pale;肌肉Muscles松弛Laxity萎缩Atrophy;精神状态Mental Status萎靡Dispirited反应差Low Response;全身症状General Symptoms并发症:Complication营养性贫血:Nutritional Anemia各种维生素缺乏症:Various Kinds of Avitaminosis感染:Infections低血糖:Hypoglycemia诊断标准:Standard of Dignosis分型:Types分度:Degrees实验室检查:Laboratory Examination鉴别诊断:Differential Diagnosis治疗原则:Therapeutic Principle综合治疗Comprehensive Treatment治疗方法:Therapeutic Method积极治疗原发病:Cure the Primary Disease饮食治疗:Diet Therapy药物治疗:Drug Treatment支持治疗:Supporting Therapy危重症处理:Treatment in Crises度营养不良伴腹泻时的治疗Severe Malnutrition companied by Diarrhea:营养不良性水肿的治疗Nutritional Edema:蛋白质缺乏综合症(恶心营养不良综合症)Kwashiorkor添加辅食:Instruction of solid food睡眠充足:Sufficient Sleeping防治先天性疾病和小儿急性传染病:Prevention and Treatment of Congenital Diseases andAcute Infectious Diseases孕期保健与产前诊断:Health Care in Pregnancy and Prenatal Diagnosis新生儿筛查:Neonatal Screening治疗先天性疾病:Cure Congenital Diseases按时预防接种:Vaccination on time定期体格检查:Regular Physical Examination营养障碍性疾病Dystrophy病因及病理生理:Etiological Factor and Pathophysiology单纯性肥胖:Simple Obesity摄入过多:Excessive Intake活动过少:Lack of Movement家族遗传:Inheritance神经、精神因素:Nervous and Mental Factors继发性肥胖:Secondary Obesity膝外翻Genu Valgum扁平足Fallen arch性发育较早:Early Sexual Development实验室检查:Laboratory Examinations胆固醇Cholesterol甘油三酯Triglyceride:β脂蛋白Beta Lipoprotein:胰岛素Insulin:生长激素Growth Hormone:诊断标准:Standard of Diagnosis轻度Mild:制度Moderate:重度Severe: